Title: Template:Cite news/doc - freem URL Source: https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc Markdown Content: [Template:Pp-template](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Pp-template&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Pp-template (page does not exist)") ![Image 1: Warning](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ambox_warning_orange.svg/40px-Ambox_warning_orange.svg.png)**This template is used on [approximately 1,810,000 pages, or roughly 510% of all pages](https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=https:freemwiki.com&page=Template%3ACite+news#transclusions)**. To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's [/sandbox](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/sandbox&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite news/sandbox (page does not exist)") or [/testcases](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/testcases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite news/testcases (page does not exist)") subpages, or in your own [user subpage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_pages#SUB "wikipedia:User pages"). The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the [talk page](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Cite_news&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template talk:Cite news (page does not exist)") before implementing them. [Citation Style 1](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") templates| {{[Cite arXiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_arXiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite arXiv (page does not exist)")}} | [arXiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "ArXiv (page does not exist)") preprints | | --- | | {{[Cite AV media](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_AV_media&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite AV media (page does not exist)")}} | audio and visual media | | {{[Cite AV media notes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_AV_media_notes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite AV media notes (page does not exist)")}} | AV media liner notes | | {{[Cite bioRxiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_bioRxiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite bioRxiv (page does not exist)")}} | [bioRxiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=BioRxiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "BioRxiv (page does not exist)") preprints | | {{[Cite book](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_book "Template:Cite book")}} | books and chapters | | {{[Cite CiteSeerX](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_CiteSeerX&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite CiteSeerX (page does not exist)")}} | [CiteSeerX](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=CiteSeerX&action=edit&redlink=1 "CiteSeerX (page does not exist)") papers | | {{[Cite conference](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_conference&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite conference (page does not exist)")}} | conference papers | | {{[Cite document](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_document&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite document (page does not exist)")}} | short, stand-alone, offline documents | | {{[Cite encyclopedia](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_encyclopedia&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite encyclopedia (page does not exist)")}} | edited collections | | {{[Cite episode](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_episode&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite episode (page does not exist)")}} | radio or TV episodes | | {{[Cite interview](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_interview&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite interview (page does not exist)")}} | interviews | | {{[Cite journal](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite journal (page does not exist)")}} | academic journals | | {{[Cite magazine](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_magazine&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite magazine (page does not exist)")}} | magazines, periodicals | | {{[Cite mailing list](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_mailing_list&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite mailing list (page does not exist)")}} | public mailing lists | | {{[Cite map](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_map&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite map (page does not exist)")}} | maps | | {{[Cite medRxiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_medRxiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite medRxiv (page does not exist)")}} | [medRxiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MedRxiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "MedRxiv (page does not exist)") preprints | | {{[Cite news](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news "Template:Cite news")}} | news articles | | {{[Cite newsgroup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_newsgroup&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite newsgroup (page does not exist)")}} | online newsgroups | | {{[Cite podcast](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_podcast&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite podcast (page does not exist)")}} | podcasts | | {{[Cite press release](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_press_release&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite press release (page does not exist)")}} | press releases | | {{[Cite report](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_report&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite report (page does not exist)")}} | reports | | {{[Cite serial](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_serial&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite serial (page does not exist)")}} | audio or video serials | | {{[Cite sign](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_sign&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite sign (page does not exist)")}} | signs, plaques | | {{[Cite speech](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_speech&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite speech (page does not exist)")}} | speeches | | {{[Cite SSRN](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_SSRN&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite SSRN (page does not exist)")}} | [SSRN](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Social_Science_Research_Network&action=edit&redlink=1 "Social Science Research Network (page does not exist)") papers | | {{[Cite tech report](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_tech_report&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite tech report (page does not exist)")}} | technical reports | | {{[Cite thesis](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_thesis&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite thesis (page does not exist)")}} | theses | | {{[Cite web](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_web "Template:Cite web")}} | web sources not covered by the above | | See also | _[Specific-source templates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Specific-source\_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Specific-source templates (page does not exist)")_ _[Citation Style 1 wrapper templates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Citation\_templates\_that\_wrap\_CS1\_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Citation templates that wrap CS1 templates (page does not exist)")_ | | * [v](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation/cs1 "Template:Citation Style documentation/cs1") * [t](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Citation_Style_documentation/cs1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template talk:Citation Style documentation/cs1 (page does not exist)") * [e](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Citation_Style_documentation/cs1 "Special:EditPage/Template:Citation Style documentation/cs1") | This [Citation Style 1](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") template is used to create [citations](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:CITE&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:CITE (page does not exist)") for news articles in print, video, audio or web. ## Usage[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section's source code: Usage")] Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as `|isbn=` have upper-case aliases like `|ISBN=`, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then [purge](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=purge) the page. Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format To cite a news article with a credited author {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |publisher= |access-date=}} To cite a news article with no credited author {{cite news |author= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |publisher= |access-date=}} To cite an online news article that has been archived {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |publisher= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=}} To cite a news article written in a foreign language {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |trans-title= |work= |language= |location= |publisher= |access-date=}} To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language news article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription {{cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |url= |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |work= |language= |location= |publisher= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}} Full parameter set in horizontal format {{cite news |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |display-authors= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |collaboration= |df= |date= |year= |orig-date= |orig-year= |location= |editor-last1= |editor-first1= |editor-link1= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |display-editors= |editor-mask1= |editor-mask2= |title= |script-title= |title-link= |url= |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |department= |work= |script-work= |trans-work= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |interviewer-last1= |interviewer-first1= |interviewer-link1= |interviewer-last2= |interviewer-first2= |interviewer-link2= |display-interviewers= |interviewer-mask1= |interviewer-mask2= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |display-translators= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |others= |name-list-style= |edition= |publication-place= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |minutes= |time-caption= |time= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |eissn= |hdl= |hdl-access= |isbn= |ismn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |medrxiv= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmc-embargo-date= |pmid= |rfc= |sbn= |ssrn= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= |zbl= |id= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-format= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote-page= |quote-pages= |quote= |script-quote= |trans-quote= |mode= |ref= |postscript=}} Most commonly used parameters in vertical format To cite a news article with a credited author {{cite news |last = |first = |date = |title = |url = |work = |location = |publisher = |access-date = }} To cite a news article with no credited author {{cite news |author = |date = |title = |url = |work = |location = |publisher = |access-date = }} To cite an online news article that has been archived {{cite news |last = |first = |date = |title = |url = |work = |location = |publisher = |url-status = |archive-url = |archive-date = |access-date = }} To cite a news article written in a foreign language {{cite news |last = |first = |date = |title = |url = |trans-title = |work = |language = |location = |publisher = |access-date = }} To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language news article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription {{cite news |last1 = |first1 = |last2 = |first2 = |date = |title = |url = |url-access = |trans-title = |format = |work = |language = |location = |publisher = |url-status = |archive-url = |archive-date = |access-date = |via = |quote = }} Full parameter set in vertical format | Parameters | Prerequisites | Brief instructions / notes | Vertical list | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `last1` | | Author's last name or single name author. Don't link. | {{cite news |last1 = |first1 = |author-link1 = |last2 = |first2 = |author-link2 = |display-authors = |author-mask1 = |author-mask2 = |collaboration = |df = |date = |year = |orig-date = |orig-year = |location = |editor-last1 = |editor-first1 = |editor-link1 = |editor-last2 = |editor-first2 = |editor-link2 = |display-editors = |editor-mask1 = |editor-mask2 = |title = |script-title = |title-link = |url = |url-access = |trans-title = |format = |department = |work = |script-work = |trans-work = |type = |series = |language = |volume = |issue = |interviewer-last1 = |interviewer-first1 = |interviewer-link1 = |interviewer-last2 = |interviewer-first2 = |interviewer-link2 = |display-interviewers = |interviewer-mask1 = |interviewer-mask2 = |translator-last1 = |translator-first1 = |translator-link1 = |translator-last2 = |translator-first2 = |translator-link2 = |display-translators = |translator-mask1 = |translator-mask2 = |others = |name-list-style = |edition = |publication-place = |publisher = |publication-date = |agency = |minutes = |time-caption = |time = |page = |pages = |at = |no-pp = |arxiv = |asin = |asin-tld = |bibcode = |bibcode-access = |biorxiv = |citeseerx = |doi = |doi-access = |doi-broken-date = |eissn = |hdl = |hdl-access = |isbn = |ismn = |issn = |jfm = |jstor = |jstor-access = |lccn = |medrxiv = |mr = |oclc = |ol = |ol-access = |osti = |osti-access = |pmc = |pmc-embargo-date = |pmid = |rfc = |sbn = |ssrn = |s2cid = |s2cid-access = |zbl = |id = |url-status = |archive-url = |archive-format = |archive-date = |access-date = |via = |quote-page = |quote-pages = |quote = |script-quote = |trans-quote = |mode = |ref = |postscript = }} | | `first1` | `last1` | Author's first name. Don't link. | | `author-link1` | `last1` | Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link. | | `last2` | `last1` | Like `last1`, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: `last3`, etc. | | `first2` | `last2` | Like `first1`, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: `first3`, etc. | | `author-link2` | `last2` | Like `author-link1`, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: `author-link3`, etc. | | `display-authors` | `last1` | Number (number of authors displayed) or `etal` (more authors) | | `author-mask1` | `last1` | See [Display options](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Display_options) below; not for lists of cited works | | `author-mask2` | `last2` | | `collaboration` | `last1` | | `df` | | | | `date` | | | | `year` | | | | `orig-date` | `date` or `year` | | | `orig-year` | `date` or `year` | | | `location` | `publisher` | can be used for written-at location when `publication-place` is used for publication place | | `editor-last1` | | Like `last1`, but for editor. Don't link. | | `editor-first1` | `editor-last1` | Like `first1`, but for editor. Don't link. | | `editor-link1` | `editor-last1` | Like `author-link1`, but for editor. Don't link. | | `editor-last2` | `editor-last1` | Like `last1`, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: `editor-last3`, etc. | | `editor-first2` | `editor-last2` | Like `first1`, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: `editor-first3`, etc. | | `editor-link2` | `editor-last2` | Like `author-link1`, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: `editor-link3`, etc. | | `display-editors` | `editor-last1` | Like `display-authors`, but for editors | | `editor-mask1` | `editor-last1` | See [Display options](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Display_options) below; not for lists of cited works | | `editor-mask2` | `editor-last2` | | `title` | | This parameter is required. | | `script-title` | | | | `title-link` | `title` or `script-title` | Name of a Wikipedia article about the work. Do not use if `url` is provided | | `url` | `title` or `script-title` | Do not use if `title-link` is provided | | `url-access` | `url` | | | `trans-title` | `title` or `script-title` | | | `format` | `url` | | | `department` | | | | `work` | | | | `script-work` | | | | `trans-work` | `work` or `script-work` | | | `type` | | | | `series` | | | | `language` | | | | `volume` | | | | `issue` | | | | `interviewer-last1` | | Like `last1`, but for interviewer. Don't link. | | `interviewer-first1` | `interviewer-last1` | Like `first1`, but for interviewer. Don't link. | | `interviewer-link1` | `interviewer-last1` | Like `author-link1`, but for interviewer. Don't link. | | `interviewer-last2` | `interviewer-last1` | Like `last1`, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: `interviewer-last3`, etc. | | `interviewer-first2` | `interviewer-last2` | Like `first1`, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: `interviewer-first3`, etc. | | `interviewer-link2` | `interviewer-last2` | Like `author-link1`, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: `interviewer-link3`, etc. | | `display-interviewers` | `interviewer-last1` | Like `display-authors`, but for interviewers | | `interviewer-mask1` | `interviewer-last1` | See [Display options](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Display_options) below; not for lists of cited works | | `interviewer-mask2` | `interviewer-last2` | | `translator-last1` | | Like `last1`, but for translator. Don't link. | | `translator-first1` | `translator-last1` | Like `first1`, but for translator. Don't link. | | `translator-link1` | `translator-last1` | Like `author-link1`, but for translator. Don't link. | | `translator-last2` | `translator-last1` | Like `last1`, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: `translator-last3`, etc. | | `translator-first2` | `translator-last2` | Like `first1`, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: `translator-first3`, etc. | | `translator-link2` | `translator-last2` | Like `author-link1`, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: `translator-link3`, etc. | | `display-translators` | `translator-last1` | Like `display-authors`, but for translators | | `translator-mask1` | `translator-last1` | See [Display options](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Display_options) below; not for lists of cited works | | `translator-mask2` | `translator-last2` | | `others` | | | | `name-list-style` | `last2` | Set to `amp` or `ampersand` to separate the last author with "`&`"; set to `and` to separate with "`and`" | | `edition` | | | | `publication-place` | `publisher` | | | `publisher` | | | | `publication-date` | | | | `agency` | | | | `minutes` | | | | `time-caption` | `time` | | | `time` | | | | `page` | | choose one: `page`, `pages`, or `at` | | `pages` | | choose one: `page`, `pages`, or `at`. Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text. | | `at` | | choose one: `page`, `pages`, or `at` | | `no-pp` | `page` or `pages` | set to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers | | `arxiv` | | | | `asin` | | | | `asin-tld` | `asin` | | | `bibcode` | | | | `biorxiv` | | | | `biorxiv-access` | `biorxiv` | | | `citeseerx` | | | | `doi` | | | | `doi-access` | `doi` | | | `doi-broken-date` | `doi` | | | `eissn` | | | | `hdl` | | | | `hdl-access` | `hdl` | | | `isbn` | | | | `ismn` | | | | `issn` | | | | `jfm` | | | | `jstor` | | | | `jstor-access` | `jstor` | | | `lccn` | | | | `medrxiv` | | | | `mr` | | | | `oclc` | | | | `ol` | | | | `ol-access` | `ol` | | | `osti` | | | | `osti-access` | `osti` | | | `pmc` | | | | `pmc-embargo-date` | `pmc` | | | `pmid` | | | | `rfc` | | | | `sbn` | | | | `ssrn` | | | | `s2cid` | | | | `s2cid-access` | `s2cid` | | | `zbl` | | | | `id` | | | | `url-status` | `archive-url` | | | `archive-url` | `archive-date`, `url` | | | `archive-format` | `archive-url` | | | `archive-date` | `archive-url` | | | `access-date` | `url` | | | `via` | | | | `quote-page` | | choose one: `quote-page`, `quote-pages` | | `quote-pages` | | choose one: `quote-page`, `quote-pages`. Use when quote contains contents from multiple pages. | | `quote` | | | | `script-quote` | | | | `trans-quote` | | | | `mode` | | `cs1` or `cs2` | | `ref` | | | | `postscript` | | | | If a field name is listed in the **Prerequisites** column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left. | ### Choosing between [Template:cite web](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_web "Template:Cite web") and [Template:cite news](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news "Template:Cite news")[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section's source code: Choosing between Template:cite web and Template:cite news")] Previously, editors had to decide whether to use {{[cite web](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_web "Template:Cite web")}} or {{cite news}} based on these templates' features. In 2014, however, _most of_ the differences between the two templates were eliminated. As of [29 July 2016](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1&diff=732205428&oldid=723907342), {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences: * {{Cite news}} can be used for [offline](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:OFFLINE&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:OFFLINE (page does not exist)") (paper) sources whereas {{cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided * {{Cite news}} accepts `|issue=` and `|volume=` parameters while {{cite web}} does not (see [Help:Citation Style 1 §Pages](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"), [Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10 §|volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_10&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10 (page does not exist)") and {{[cite magazine](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_magazine&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite magazine (page does not exist)")}}.) But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same: **Cite web**:**Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** **Cite news**:**Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** ## Examples[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section's source code: Examples")] A news article with a credited author`{{cite news |last=Wolford |first=Ben |date=2013-10-16 |title=Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-citrus-canker-ruling-20131016,0,7602285.story |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}`Displays as: * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** A news article released by a news agency and having no credited author`{{cite news |author= |title=Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190134/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |archive-date=3 Mar 2016 |url-status=dead}}`Displays as: * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** A news article that has been archived`{{cite news |last=Pank |first=Philip |date=2013-10-18 |title=Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |url-status=dead |work=The Times |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118173559/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |archive-date=2014-01-18 |access-date=2013-10-18|ref=none}}`Displays as: * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** A news article written in a foreign language`{{cite news |last=Bourmaud |first=François-Xavier |date=2013-10-17 |title=Hollande dans le bourbier de l'affaire Leonarda |trans-title=Hollande in the quagmire of the Leonarda case |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2013/10/17/01002-20131017ARTFIG00575-hollande-dans-le-bourbier-de-l-affaire-leonarda.php |language=French |work=Le Figaro |location=Paris |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}`Displays as: * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** A clipped and archived news article that you quote, found on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription`{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/ |title=Czechs honor Yuri |date=30 April 1961 |newspaper=Daily News|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233429/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live |agency=Reuters |location=New York |page=35 |via=Newspapers.com |quote=Czech President [[Antonin Novotny]] today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a 'Hero of Socialist Labor'.|ref=none}}`Displays as: * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** ## Parameters[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section's source code: Parameters")] ### Syntax[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section's source code: Syntax")] Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters: * _parent_ * OR: _parent2_—may be used instead of _parent_ * _child_—may be used with _parent_ (and is ignored if _parent_ is not used) * OR: _child2_—may be used instead of _child_ (and is ignored if _parent2_ is not used) Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show. By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.). ### COinS[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section's source code: COinS")] This template embeds [COinS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&redlink=1 "COinS (page does not exist)") metadata in the HTML output, allowing [reference management software](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Reference_management_software&action=edit&redlink=1 "Reference management software (page does not exist)") to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See [Wikipedia:COinS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COinS "wikipedia:COinS"). As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text: * use `|date=27 September 2007` not `|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)` Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example ` `, `–`, or ` `, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. #### COinS metadata is created for these parameters[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/coins&action=edit§ion=T-1 "Edit section's source code: COinS metadata is created for these parameters")] Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the [Usage](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Usage) section near the top of this documentation page. * `|periodical=`, `|journal=`, `|newspaper=`, `|magazine=`, `|work=`, `|website=`, `|encyclopedia=`, `|encyclopaedia=`, `|dictionary=` * `|chapter=`, `|script-chapter=`, `|contribution=`, `|script-contribution=`, `|entry=`, `|script-entry=`, `|article=`, `|script-article=`, `|section=`, `|script-section=` * `|title=`, `|script-title=`, `|book-title=` * `|publication-place=`, `|place=`, `|location=` * `|date=`, `|year=`, `|publication-date=` * `|series=`, `|version=` * `|volume=`, `|issue=`, `|number=` * `|page=`, `|pages=`, `|at=`, `|quote-page=`, `|quote-pages=` * `|edition=` * `|publisher=`, `|institution=` * `|url=`, `|chapter-url=`, `|contribution-url=`, `|section-url=` * `|author-last=`, `|author-last#=`, `|author#-last=`, `|author-surname=`, `|author-surname#=`, `|author#-surname=`, `|last=`, `|last#=`, `|surname=`, `|surname#=`, `|author=`, `|author#=`, `|subject=`, `|subject#=`, `|host=`, `|host#=` * `|author-first=`, `|author-first#=`, `|author#-first=`, `|author-given=`, `|author-given#=`, `|author#-given=`, `|first=`, `|first#=`, `|given=`, `|given#=` * `|degree=` * `|arxiv=`, `|bibcode=`, `|biorxiv=`, `|citeseerx=`, `|doi=`, `|eissn=`, `|eprint=`, `|hdl=`, `|isbn=`, `|issn=`, `|jfm=`, `|jstor=`, `|lccn=`, `|message-id=`, `|mr=`, `|oclc=`, `|osti=`, `|pmc=`, `|pmid=`, `|rfc=`, `|ssrn=`, `|s2cid=`, `|zbl=` ### What's new[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section's source code: What's new")] What's new or changed recently | Parameter | Description | Date | | --- | --- | --- | | N/A | ### Deprecated[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section's source code: Deprecated")] {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deprecated_params_table}} {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deleted_params_table}} ### Description[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section's source code: Description")] #### Authors[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section's source code: Authors")] * **last**: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use **author-link** instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use **last** or one of its aliases (e.g. `|author=Bono`). Aliases: **surname**, **author**, **last1**, **surname1**, **author1**. * **author**: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of `|first=` and `|last=`. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata. * **first**: Given or first names of author; for example: _Firstname Middlename_ or _Firstname M._ or _Firstname M. Sr._ Do not wikilink—use **author-link** instead. Aliases: **given**, **first1**, **given1**. Requires **last**; first name will not display if **last** is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with [MOS:JRSR](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:JRSR&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:JRSR (page does not exist)") and use honorifics (including [Dr.](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Doctor_(title)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Doctor (title) (page does not exist)"), [Sir](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&redlink=1 "Sir (page does not exist)"), and similar) only in accordance with [MOS:HON](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:HON&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:HON (page does not exist)"). * OR: for multiple authors, use **last1**, **first1** through **last n**, **first n**, where _n_ is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each **first n** requires a corresponding **last n**, but not the other way around). See the [**display**](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#csdoc_display) parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: **surname1**, **given1** through **surname n**, **given n**, or **author1** through **author n**. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use `|first1=...``|last1=...``|author2=...`. * **author-link**: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: **author-link1**, **author1-link**, **authorlink**. * OR: for multiple authors, use **author-link1** through **author-link n**. Aliases: **author1-link** through **author n-link**. * **name-list-style**: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to `amp`, `ampersand`, or `&`, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to `and`, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to `vanc`displays name lists in [Vancouver style](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Vancouver_style&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vancouver style (page does not exist)") when the lists use the `last`/`first` forms of name parameters. * **vauthors**: comma-separated list of author names in [Vancouver style](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Vancouver_style&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vancouver style (page does not exist)"); enclose corporate or institutional author names in [doubled parentheses](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). End with etal if appropriate: `|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal` * **author-link** and **author-mask** may be used for the individual names in `|vauthors=` as described above * **authors**: deprecated ~~Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of **last**.~~ * **translator-last**: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use **translator-link** instead. Aliases: **translator-surname**, **translator1**, **translator1-last**, **translator-last1**. Supports [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). * **translator-first**: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use **translator-link** instead. Aliases: **translator-given**, **translator1-first**, **translator-first1**. * OR: for multiple translators, use **translator-last1**, **translator-first1** through **translator-last n**, **translator-first n**, where _n_ is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each **translator-first n** requires a corresponding **translator-last n**, but not the other way around). Aliases: **translator1-last**, **translator1-first** through **translator n-last**, **translator n-first**, or **translator1** through **translator n**. * **translator-link**: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: **translator-link1**, **translator1-link**. * OR: for multiple translators, use **translator-link1** through **translator-link n**. Aliases: **translator1-link** through **translator n-link**. * **collaboration**: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires **author**, **last**, or **vauthors** listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list. * **others**: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write _Illustrated by John Smith_. * Note: When using [shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)") or [parenthetical referencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources#Parenthetical_referencing "wikipedia:Citing sources") styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link. #### Date[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section's source code: Date")] "Wikipedia:Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, see [Template:Undated](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Undated&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Undated (page does not exist)"). * **date**: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[[date 1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_note-date-1) Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see [Help:Citation Style 1 §Dates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). [Shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)") target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate `{{sfn}}` links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[[more]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Sfn&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Sfn (page does not exist)") unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, **year** or **ref** is required to disambiguate the link targets.For approximate year, precede with "`c.`", like this: `|date=c. 1900`.For no date, or "undated", use `|date=n.d.`The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a `created` or `updated` date; a comment for editors such as `date=2021-12-25|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01` can be added.Automatic date formatting: [Citation Style 1](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") and [2](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 2 (page does not exist)") templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as `|date=`, `|publication-date=`, `|access-date=`, `|archive-date=`, etc.) except for `|orig-date=` in the style specified by the article's `{{use dmy dates}}` or `{{use mdy dates}}` template. See those templates' documentation for details. * **year**: Year of publication. The more flexible `|date=` parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the `|date=` parameter, unless _both_ of the following conditions are met: 1. [Shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)") target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a `CITEREF`[disambiguator](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Sfn&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Sfn (page does not exist)"), usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.) 2. The `|date=` format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.) * **orig-date**: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the **date** (or **year**). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: `|orig-date=First published 1859` or `|orig-date=Composed 1904`. As `|orig-date=` does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by `|df=` (or, if it exists in the article, by `|cs1-dates=` of a `{{use dmy dates}}` or `{{use mdy dates}}` template), or as used in the `|date=` parameter. Alias: **orig-year** * **df**: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these: `dmy` – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;`mdy` – as above for month day, year format`ymd` – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD`dmy-all` – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;`mdy-all` – as above for month day, year format`ymd-all` – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD 1. [↑](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_ref-date_1-0 "Jump up")Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See [MOS:DATEUNIFY](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:DATEUNIFY&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:DATEUNIFY (page does not exist)"). #### Editors[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section's source code: Editors")] * **editor-last**: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use **editor-link** instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use **editor-last** to include the same format as the source. Aliases: **editor-last1**, **editor1-last**, **editor-surname**, **editor-surname1**, **editor1-surname**, **editor**, **editor1**. * **editor**: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor. Supports [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). * **editor-first**: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: _Firstname Middlename_ or _Firstname M._ or _Dr. Firstname M., Sr._ Do not wikilink—use **editor-link** instead. Aliases: **editor-first1**, **editor1-first**, **editor-given**, **editor-given1**, **editor1-given**. * OR: for multiple editors, use **editor-last1**, **editor-first1** through **editor-last n**, **editor-first n** (Aliases: **editor n-last**, **editor-surname n** or **editor n-surname**; **editor n-first**, **editor-given n** or **editor n-given**; **editor n**). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use `|editor-first1=...``|editor-last1=...``|editor2=...`. * **editor-link**: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: **editor-link1**. * OR: for multiple editors, use **editor-link1** through **editor-link n** (alias **editor n-link**). * **name-list-style**: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to `amp`, `ampersand`, or `&`, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to `and`, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to `vanc`displays name lists in [Vancouver style](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Vancouver_style&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vancouver style (page does not exist)") when the lists use the `last`/`first` forms of name parameters. * **veditors**: comma separated list of editor names in [Vancouver style](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Vancouver_style&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vancouver style (page does not exist)"); enclose corporate or institutional names in [doubled parentheses](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). End with etal if appropriate: `|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal` * **editor-link _n_** and **editor-mask _n_** may be used for the individual names in `|veditors=`, as described above * Display: Use **display-editors** to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds." #### Title[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section's source code: Title")] (See also [Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)").) * **title**: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or **url** may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotation marks. For titles containing quotation marks, convert regular quotation marks (") to single quotation marks ('). See [MOS:QINQ](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:QINQ&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:QINQ (page does not exist)") for guidance in more complex situations. If **script-title** is defined, use **title** to hold a [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") (if available) of the title in **script-title**. * **script-title**: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in **title** (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [supported language codes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to help browsers properly display the script: `... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...` * **trans-title**: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after **title**. Use of the **language** parameter is recommended. Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded. | newline | [ | ] | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | space | [ | ] | `{{!}}` (preferred) | | | [{{bracket|text}}](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Bracket&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Bracket (page does not exist)") | | or [{{pipe}}](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Pipe "Template:Pipe") – see also [Help:Table §Rendering the pipe](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Table&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Table (page does not exist)") | * **title-link**: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in **title** – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. * **type**: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword `none` can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: **medium**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the [ISO 639](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ISO_639&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISO 639 (page does not exist)") language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: `|language=ru`; `|lang=fr, pt-br`; `|lang=Russian`; `|language=French, Portuguese`. [See the list of supported codes and names](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/language/doc&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Citation Style documentation/language/doc (page does not exist)"). Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of [Category:CS1 foreign language sources](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:CS1 foreign language sources (page does not exist)"). Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g. _español_ at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** #### URL[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section's source code: URL")] * **url**: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by **title** can be found. Cannot be used if **title** is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. `#ixzz2rBr3aO94` or `?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...`. For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see [WP:PAGELINKS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:PAGELINKS&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:PAGELINKS (page does not exist)"). Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as [Amazon](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Amazon (company) (page does not exist)"); use `|isbn=` or `|oclc=` to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message. * **access-date**: Full date when the content pointed to by **url** was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires **url**; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[[date 1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_note-date-3)_Not required for linked documents that do not change._ For example, **access-date** is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see [WP:CITEWEB](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:CITEWEB&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:CITEWEB (page does not exist)"). Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that **access-date** is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See ["Automatic date formatting"](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#csdoc_auto-date-format) above for details about interaction with `{{use dmy dates}}` and `{{use mdy dates}}`. Can be [hidden or styled](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1/accessdate&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1/accessdate (page does not exist)") by registered editors. Alias: **accessdate**. * **archive-url**: The URL of an [archived](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Web_archiving&action=edit&redlink=1 "Web archiving (page does not exist)") snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as [Internet Archive](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Internet_Archive&action=edit&redlink=1 "Internet Archive (page does not exist)")(see [Help:Using the Wayback Machine](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Using_the_Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Using the Wayback Machine (page does not exist)")) and [archive.today](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Archive.today&action=edit&redlink=1 "Archive.today (page does not exist)")(see [Help:Using archive.today](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Using_archive.today&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Using archive.today (page does not exist)")); requires **archive-date** and **url**. By default (overridden by `|url-status=live`) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: **archiveurl**. * **archive-date**: Archive service snapshot date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[[date 1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_note-date-3) Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See ["Automatic date formatting"](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#csdoc_auto-date-format) above for details about interaction with `{{use dmy dates}}` and `{{use mdy dates}}`. Alias: **archivedate**. * **url-status**: A control parameter to select one of `|url=` or `|archive-url=` to link `|title=`; requires **url**_and_**archive-url**. Use `{{dead link}}` to mark dead `|url=` when there is no `|archive-url=`. Accepts multiple keywords: * `dead` – (default condition when `|url-status=` omitted or empty) selects `|archive-url=` * `live` – selects `|url=`; used when `|url=` is preemptively archived with `|archive-url=` * `deviated` – selects `|archive-url=`; used when `|url=` is still live but no longer supports the text in a Wikipedia article * `unfit` – selects `|archive-url=`; used when `|url=` links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, or other unsuitable _page_; links to `|url=` are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead [usurpation](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:USURPURL&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:USURPURL (page does not exist)") or [blacklist](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:BLACKLIST&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:BLACKLIST (page does not exist)"). Bot help is available at [WP:URLREQ](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:URLREQ&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:URLREQ (page does not exist)") * `usurped` – selects `|archive-url=`; used when the _domain_ in `|url=` no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities such as vice, reseller, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, and advertising sites; links to `|url=` are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at [WP:URLREQ](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:URLREQ&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:URLREQ (page does not exist)") * `bot: unknown` – Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in [Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (page does not exist)") when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately. * **archive-format**: File format of the work referred to by **archive-url**; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the [external link icon](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:External_link_icons&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:External link icons (page does not exist)") (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include [alt text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALT "wikipedia:ALT"); thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) See [Using |format=](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") * **url-access**: See [Access indicators for url-holding parameters](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Access_indicators_for_url-holding_parameters) * **format**: File format of the work referred to by **url**; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after **title**. (For media format, use **type**.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the [external link icon](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:External_link_icons&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:External link icons (page does not exist)") (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include [alt text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALT "wikipedia:ALT"); thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) See [Using |format=](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") URLs must begin with a supported [URI scheme](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=URI_scheme&action=edit&redlink=1 "URI scheme (page does not exist)"). `http://` and `https://` will be supported by all browsers; however, `ftp://`, `gopher://`, `irc://`, `ircs://`, `mailto:` and `news:` may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. [IPv6](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=IPv6&action=edit&redlink=1 "IPv6 (page does not exist)") host-names are currently not supported. If URLs in [citation template parameters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_templates#Examples "wikipedia:Citation templates") contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be [percent-encoded](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Percent-encoded&action=edit&redlink=1 "Percent-encoded (page does not exist)"). For example, a space must be replaced by `%20`. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with: | Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D | Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion. 1. ↑ [Jump up to: 1.0](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_ref-date_3-0)[1.1](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_ref-date_3-1)Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See [MOS:DATEUNIFY](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:DATEUNIFY&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:DATEUNIFY (page does not exist)"). #### Periodical (work, newspaper, website)[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section's source code: Periodical (work, newspaper, website)")] * **work** (required by `{{cite journal}}` and `{{cite magazine}}`): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in _italics_. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If **script-work** is defined, use **work** to hold a [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") (if available) of the title in **script-work**. Aliases: **journal**, **newspaper**, **magazine**, **periodical**, **website**. Use [Latin script](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Latin_script&action=edit&redlink=1 "Latin script (page does not exist)"). For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") in this field. * **script-work**: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in **work** (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [supported language codes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: **script-journal**, **script-newspaper**, **script-magazine**, **script-periodical**, **script-website**. * **trans-work**: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after **work** or **script-work**. Aliases: **trans-journal**, **trans-newspaper**, **trans-magazine**, **trans-periodical**, **trans-website**. `... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...` * **issue**: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: **number**. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. `|issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''`. Please choose either `|issue=` or `|number=` depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue _and_ number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example `|issue=2 #143`. Displayed in parentheses following **volume**. * **department**: Title of a regular department, [column](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Column_(periodical)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Column (periodical) (page does not exist)"), or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after **title** and is in plain text. When set, **work** changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation: **title** is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.**chapter** does not display (and will produce an error message). #### Edition, series, volume[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section's source code: Edition, series, volume")] * **edition**: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string "ed." after the field, so `|edition=2nd` produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined. * **series** or **version**: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted. * **volume**: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the **title** and **series** fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10. #### Publisher[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section's source code: Publisher")] * **publisher**: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked[[1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_note-wikilink-5) if relevant. The [publisher](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Publisher&action=edit&redlink=1 "Publisher (page does not exist)") is the _company_, _organization_ or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. For self-published works (i.e., where the publisher is the same as the author or creator) state `|publisher=self-published`.[[2]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_note-6) Do _not_ use the **publisher** parameter for the name of a [work](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#csdoc_work) (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. This parameter is most commonly used for books, and rarely for websites or periodicals (although it may be used instead of **work** in some cases). Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes _The New York Times_ newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after **title**. * **place**: For news stories with a [dateline](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Dateline&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dateline (page does not exist)"), the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: **location** * **publication-place**: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, _The Boston Globe_, _The Times of India_. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of **publication-place**, **place**, or **location** is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if **publication-place** and **place** or **location** are defined, then **place** or **location** is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and **publication-place** is shown after the title. * **publication-date**: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If **date** (or **year**) is also defined and is different, then **publication-date** displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following **publisher**. If **date** (or **year**) is not defined, **publication-date** is displayed as **date**. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. * **via**: Name of the content deliverer (if _different_ from **publisher**). **via** is not a replacement for **publisher**, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the article is attributed to a different publication (e.g. in [Yahoo News](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Yahoo_News&action=edit&redlink=1 "Yahoo News (page does not exist)")) but cannot be traced, when the content deliverer (e.g. [NewsBank](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=NewsBank&action=edit&redlink=1 "NewsBank (page does not exist)")) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (e.g. [EBSCO _host_](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=EBSCOhost&action=edit&redlink=1 "EBSCOhost (page does not exist)")), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the [**access level**](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#csdoc_access_level) parameters to display access restrictions, and the [**agency**](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#csdoc_agency) parameters if the original source is a news agency or wire service. * **agency**: The [news agency](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=News_agency&action=edit&redlink=1 "News agency (page does not exist)") (wire service) that provided the content; examples: [Associated Press](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Associated_Press&action=edit&redlink=1 "Associated Press (page does not exist)"), [Reuters](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Reuters&action=edit&redlink=1 "Reuters (page does not exist)"), [Agence France-Presse](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Agence_France-Presse&action=edit&redlink=1 "Agence France-Presse (page does not exist)"). Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, use **work** or **publisher**. May be wikilinked if relevant. #### In-source locations[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section's source code: In-source locations")] * **minutes**: Time the event occurs in the source; followed by "minutes in". * OR: **time**: Time the event occurs in the source; preceded by default text "Event occurs at". * **time-caption**: Changes the default text displayed before **time**. * **page**: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either `|page=` or `|pages=`, but not both. Displays preceded by `p.` unless `|no-pp=yes`. If hyphenated, use {{[hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Hyphen (page does not exist)")}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. `|page=3{{hyphen}}12`), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert `|page=3-12` to `|pages=3{{ndash}}12`. Alias: **p**. * OR: **pages**: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either `|page=` or `|pages=`, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by `pp.` unless `|no-pp=yes`. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use [double parentheses](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to tell the template to display the value of `|pages=` without processing it, and use {{[hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Hyphen (page does not exist)")}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: `|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))`. Alternatively, use `|at=`, like this: `|at=pp. 3-1–3-15`. Alias: **pp**. * **no-pp**: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the `p.` or `pp.` notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where `|page=Front cover` or `|pages=passim`. * OR: **at**: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by `|page=` or `|pages=`. Use only one of `|page=`, `|pages=`, or `|at=`. Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse. * For `|quote-page=` and `|quote-pages=` used in conjunction with `|quote=`, see [here](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#csdoc_quote). #### Identifiers[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section's source code: Identifiers")] Not to be confused with [§Anchor](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Anchor). * **id**: A [unique identifier](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Unique_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1 "Unique identifier (page does not exist)"), used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an [external link template](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:External_link_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:External link templates (page does not exist)") as applicable. For example, `|id=NCJ 122967` will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as `|id={{NCJ|122967}}` to append [NCJ](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=NCJ_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "NCJ (identifier) (page does not exist)")[122967](https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=122967) instead. The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. `|rfc=822` or `|pmc=345678`. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [arXiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "ArXiv (page does not exist)")[identifier](https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier); for example: `|arxiv=hep-th/9205027` (before April 2007) or `|arxiv=0706.0001` (April 2007 – December 2014) or `|arxiv=1501.00001` (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Amazon Standard Identification Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "Amazon Standard Identification Number (page does not exist)"); if first character of **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** value is a digit, use **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example `|asin=B00005N5PF`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|asin-tld_values_list}}. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [bibcode](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1 "Bibcode (page does not exist)"); used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: `1974AJ.....79..819H`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [bioRxiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=BioRxiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "BioRxiv (page does not exist)") id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. `10.1101/078733` for [http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733](http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733) or [https://doi.org/10.1101/078733](https://doi.org/10.1101/078733); `10.1101/2020.07.24.220400` for [https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400](https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400)). Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [CiteSeerX](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=CiteSeerX&action=edit&redlink=1 "CiteSeerX (page does not exist)") id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. `10.1.1.176.341` for [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341)). Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Digital object identifier](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1 "Digital object identifier (page does not exist)"); for example: `10.1038/news070508-7`. It is checked to ensure it begins with (`10.`). Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ DOIs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#ATAWM). * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at [https://doi.org](https://doi.org/). Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [International Standard Serial Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Standard Serial Number (page does not exist)") for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a [hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hyphen (page does not exist)"), but not an [en dash](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Dash&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dash (page does not exist)") or a space; example `|eissn=1557-2986`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ eISSNs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#ATAWM). * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Handle System](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Handle_System&action=edit&redlink=1 "Handle System (page does not exist)") identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example `|hdl=20.1000/100`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [International Standard Book Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Standard Book Number (page does not exist)"); for example: `978-0-8126-9593-9`. (See [Wikipedia:ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN "wikipedia:ISBN") and [ISBN §Overview](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ISBN&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISBN (page does not exist)").) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without _any_ additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * Use the {{[Format ISBN](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Format_ISBN&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Format ISBN (page does not exist)")}} template within the parameter– in the form `|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}}`– if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher. * Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ ISBNs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#ATAWM). * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [International Standard Music Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=International_Standard_Music_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Standard Music Number (page does not exist)"); for example: `979-0-9016791-7-7`. [Hyphens](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Hyphens&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hyphens (page does not exist)") or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without _any_ additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [International Standard Serial Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Standard Serial Number (page does not exist)"); eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a [hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hyphen (page does not exist)"), but not an [en dash](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Dash&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dash (page does not exist)") or a space; example `|issn=2049-3630`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ ISSNs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#ATAWM). * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: _[Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Jahrbuch\_%C3%BCber\_die\_Fortschritte\_der\_Mathematik&action=edit&redlink=1 "Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik (page does not exist)")_; do not include "JFM" in the value; example `|jfm=53.0144.01`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [JSTOR](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=JSTOR&action=edit&redlink=1 "JSTOR (page does not exist)") reference number; for example: `|jstor=3793107`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Library of Congress Control Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Control_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "Library of Congress Control Number (page does not exist)"). When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example `|lccn=79-57364` or `|lccn=2004042477` or `|lccn=e09001178`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Mathematical Reviews](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Mathematical_Reviews&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mathematical Reviews (page does not exist)"); example `|mr=630583`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [OCLC Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=OCLC_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "OCLC Number (page does not exist)") for looking up publications in the [WorldCat](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WorldCat&action=edit&redlink=1 "WorldCat (page does not exist)")[union catalog](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Union_catalog&action=edit&redlink=1 "Union catalog (page does not exist)"); example `|oclc=9355469`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Open Library](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Open_Library&action=edit&redlink=1 "Open Library (page does not exist)") identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example `|ol=7030731M`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Office of Scientific and Technical Information](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information&action=edit&redlink=1 "Office of Scientific and Technical Information (page does not exist)"); example `|osti=4367507`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [PubMed Central](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1 "PubMed Central (page does not exist)"); use article number for [open repository](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Open_repository&action=edit&redlink=1 "Open repository (page does not exist)") full-text of a journal article, e.g. `|pmc=345678`. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: Date that **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** goes live; if this date is in the future, then **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** is not linked until that date. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [PubMed](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=PubMed&action=edit&redlink=1 "PubMed (page does not exist)"); use unique identifier; example `|pmid=17322060`See also the **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Request for Comments](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Request_for_Comments&action=edit&redlink=1 "Request for Comments (page does not exist)"); example `|rfc=3143`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Standard Book Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "Standard Book Number (page does not exist)"); example `|sbn=356-02201-3`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ SBNs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#ATAWM). * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Social Science Research Network](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Social_Science_Research_Network&action=edit&redlink=1 "Social Science Research Network (page does not exist)"); example `|ssrn=1900856`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Semantic Scholar](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&redlink=1 "Semantic Scholar (page does not exist)") corpus ID; example `|s2cid=37220927`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: [Zentralblatt MATH](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Zentralblatt_MATH&action=edit&redlink=1 "Zentralblatt MATH (page does not exist)"); example `|zbl=0472.53010` For zbMATH search results like `JFM 35.0387.02` use `|jfm=35.0387.02`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (`|doi=`, `|eissn=`, `|isbn=`, `|issn=`, and `|sbn=`) support a special [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as `|=(())`). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the [access status](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") using the corresponding `|-access=` parameter. For {{[cite journal](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite journal (page does not exist)")}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when `|url=` and `|title-link=` are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for `|title-link=` to manually select a specific source (`|title-link=pmc` or `|title-link=doi`) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (`|title-link=none`). It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link _identical_ to a link also produced by an identifier. The `|url=` parameter (or `|title-link=`) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a [convenience link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources#Convenience_links "wikipedia:Citing sources") to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible. #### Subscription or registration required[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section's source code: Subscription or registration required")] Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in [Verifiability § Access to sources](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:PAYWALL&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:PAYWALL (page does not exist)"). As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to [verifying claims in articles](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:V&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:V (page does not exist)"). Four access levels can be used: * [access indicator for named identifiers](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Access_indicator_for_named_identifiers): * ![Image 2: Freely accessible](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/20px-Lock-green.svg.png)`free`: the source is free to read for anyone * [access indicators for url-holding parameters](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Access_indicators_for_url-holding_parameters): As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link. ##### Access indicators for url-holding parameters[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/registration&action=edit§ion=T-1 "Edit section's source code: Access indicators for url-holding parameters")] * [WP:URLACCESS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:URLACCESS&redirect=no) Online sources linked by `|url=`, `|article-url=`, `|chapter-url=`, `|contribution-url=`, `|entry-url=`, `|map-url=`, and `|section-url=` are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked as `free`. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add `|archive-url=` and `|archive-date=` values if possible. For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription: {{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}} which renders as: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** ##### Access indicator for named identifiers[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/registration&action=edit§ion=T-2 "Edit section's source code: Access indicator for named identifiers")] Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as `limited`, `registration`, or `subscription`. Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are: * `|arxiv=` * `|biorxiv=` * `|citeseerx=` * `|medrxiv=` * `|pmc=` * `|rfc=` For embargoed **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** that will become available in the future, see **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. ##### Tracking of free DOIs[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/registration&action=edit§ion=T-3 "Edit section's source code: Tracking of free DOIs")] * The template is able to recognize known free-to-read [DOI registrants](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=DOI_registrant&action=edit&redlink=1 "DOI registrant (page does not exist)"), based on a list in [Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration "Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration"). Once a free registrant is identified, the `10.xxxx/...` part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under _local function build\_free\_doi\_registrants\_table()_. If `|doi-access=free` is not set, it will place the page in [Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:CS1_maint:_unflagged_free_DOI&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (page does not exist)"), which is routinely cleared by [User:Citation bot](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Citation_bot&action=edit&redlink=1 "User:Citation bot (page does not exist)"). * The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear `10.xxxx/yyyy....` DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to [Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration "Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration") under _local extended\_registrants\_t = {_ with the format `['XXXX'] = {'YYYY'},`. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format `['XXXX'] = {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},`. * If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in [Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration "Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration"), leave a note at [User talk:Citation bot](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Citation_bot&action=edit&redlink=1 "User talk:Citation bot (page does not exist)") so the bot knows about it. #### Quote[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section's source code: Quote")] * **quote**: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If **script-quote** is defined, use **quote** to hold a [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") (if available) of the text in **script-quote**. When quoting a copyrighted text, only [brief quotations to attribute a point of view or idea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-free_content#Text "wikipedia:Non-free content") are permitted; extensive quotations are prohibited. * **script-quote**: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in **quote** (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the [supported language codes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to help browsers properly display the script: `... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...` * **trans-quote**: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none. * **quote-page**: The number of a single page quoted in `|quote=`. Use either `|quote-page=` or `|quote-pages=`, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in `|page=`, `|pages=` or `|at=`. Displays preceded by `p.` unless `|no-pp=yes`. If hyphenated, use {{[hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Hyphen (page does not exist)")}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. `|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12`). Alias: none. * OR: **quote-pages**: A list or range of pages quoted in `|quote=`. Use either `|quote-page=` or `|quote-pages=`, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in `|pages=` or `|at=`. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by `pp.` unless `|no-pp=yes` is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use [double parentheses](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to tell the template to display the value of `|quote-pages=` without processing it, and use {{[hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Hyphen (page does not exist)")}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: `|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))`. Alias: none. #### Anchor[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section's source code: Anchor")] Not to be confused with [§Identifiers](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#Identifiers). * **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, `|ref=ID` generates an anchor with the given `ID` (the `id=` attribute in the citation's `` HTML tag). Setting `|ref=ID` identifies the template as a target and allows [wikilinking to full references](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources/Further_considerations#Wikilinks_to_full_references "wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations"), especially useful with short-form citations like [shortened notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources#Shortened_footnotes "wikipedia:Citing sources") and [parenthetical referencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthetical_referencing "wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing"). The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{[sfn](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Sfn&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Sfn (page does not exist)")}} and {{[harv](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harv "Template:Harv")}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair `|ref=harv` has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should _not_ be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set `|ref=none`. Aliases: **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.**. See [Template:Citation/doc §Anchors for Harvard referencing templates](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation/doc#Anchors_for_Harvard_referencing_templates "Template:Citation/doc"). #### Display options[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section's source code: Display options")] * **mode**: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For `|mode=cs1`, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (`.`); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For `|mode=cs2`, element separator is a comma (`,`); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use **postscript**. * **author-mask**: * **contributor-mask**: * **editor-mask**: * **interviewer-mask**: * **subject-mask**: * **translator-mask**: Replaces the name of the (first) author with [em dashes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Dash&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dash (page does not exist)") or text. Set **-mask** to a numeric value _n_ to set the dash _n_ em spaces wide; set **-mask** to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with **-link**—in this case, the value of **-link** will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as [shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)"). Do not use in a list generated by `{{reflist}}`, `` or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. `|authorn-mask=`) to apply the mask to a specific name. * **display-authors**: * **display-contributors**: * **display-editors**: * **display-interviewers**: * **display-subjects**: * **display-translators**: Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example, `|display-authors=2` will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors). `|display-authors=0` is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al. `|display-authors=etal` displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none. * **postscript**: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (`.`); for no terminating punctuation, specify `|postscript=none` – leaving `|postscript=` empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. `|postscript=` is ignored if **quote** is defined. ## TemplateData[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section's source code: TemplateData")] [![Image 3: Warning](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/40px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png)](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg "Warning")This section contains configuration data used by editing tools and automated bots. Changes to this data can result in widespread and unintended effects. For more information see [Help:Citation Style 1#TemplateData](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") **Lua error: too many expensive function calls.** This template formats a citation to a news article in print, video, audio or web using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options. Template parameters This template has custom formatting. | Parameter | Description | Type | Status | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Last name | `last``last1``author``author1` | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'. | Line | suggested | | First name | `first``first1` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'. | Line | suggested | | Author link | `author-link``author-link1``author1-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Page name | optional | | Last name 2 | `last2``author2` | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'. | Line | optional | | First name 2 | `first2` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 2 | `author-link2``author2-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 3 | `last3``author3` | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'. | Line | optional | | First name 3 | `first3` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 3 | `author-link3``author3-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 4 | `last4``author4` | The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'. | Line | optional | | First name 4 | `first4` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 4 | `author-link4``author4-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 5 | `last5``author5` | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'. | Line | optional | | First name 5 | `first5` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 5 | `author-link5``author5-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 6 | `last6``author6` | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'. | Line | optional | | First name 6 | `first6` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 6 | `author-link6``author6-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 7 | `last7``author7` | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'. | Line | optional | | First name 7 | `first7` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 7 | `author-link7``author7-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 8 | `last8``author8` | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'. | Line | optional | | First name 8 | `first8` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 8 | `author-link8``author8-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 9 | `last9``author9` | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. | Line | optional | | First name 9 | `first9` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 9 | `author-link9``author9-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 10 | `last10``author10` | The surname of the tenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link10'. | Line | optional | | First name 10 | `first10` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the tenth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 10 | `author-link10``author10-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the tenth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 11 | `last11``author11` | The surname of the eleventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link11'. | Line | optional | | First name 11 | `first11` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eleventh author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 11 | `author-link11``author11-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eleventh author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 12 | `last12``author12` | The surname of the twelfth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link12'. | Line | optional | | First name 12 | `first12` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the twelfth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 12 | `author-link12``author12-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the twelfth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 13 | `last13``author13` | The surname of the thirteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link13'. | Line | optional | | First name 13 | `first13` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the thirteenth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 13 | `author-link13``author13-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the thirteenth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 14 | `last14``author14` | The surname of the fourteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link14'. | Line | optional | | First name 14 | `first14` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourteenth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 14 | `author-link14``author14-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourteenth author. | Page name | optional | | Last name 15 | `last15``author15` | The surname of the fifteenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link15'. | Line | optional | | First name 15 | `first15` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifteenth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional | | Author link 15 | `author-link15``author15-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifteenth author. | Page name | optional | | Author mask | `author-mask` | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional | | Display authors | `display-authors` | number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; | Number | optional | | Name list style | `name-list-style` | Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style. | String | optional | | Source date | `date` | Full date of the source; do not wikilink | Date | suggested | | Year of publication | `year` | Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known | String | optional | | Original date | `orig-date` | Original date of publication; provide specifics | String | optional | | Editor last name | `editor-last``editor-last1``editor1-last``editor-surname``editor-surname1``editor1-surname``editor``editor1` | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors' | Line | optional | | Editor first name | `editor-first``editor-first1``editor1-first``editor-given``editor-given1``editor1-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first' | Line | optional | | Editor link | `editor-link``editor-link1` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link' | Page name | optional | | Others | `others` | Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith' | String | optional | | Source title | `title` | The title of the article as it appears in the source; displays in quotes | String | required | | Script title | `script-title` | For titles in non Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek etc). Prefix with two-character language code followed by a colon. e.g |script-title=ja:東京タワ | String | optional | | Translated title | `trans-title` | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | String | optional | | URL | `url``URL` | The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..." Example https://www.nytimes.com/... | URL | suggested | | URL access level | `url-access` | Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited') Suggested values`registration``subscription``limited` | String | optional | | URL status | `url-status` | If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to 'dead' if the original URL is broken. If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set to 'deviated'. Set to 'unfit' or 'usurped' if the original URL is no longer suitable (spam, advertising, etc.) which will make the original link not appear at all. Suggested values`dead``live``usurped``unfit``deviated`Default'dead' if an Archive URL is entered Example'dead' or 'live' | String | suggested | | Archive URL | `archive-url``archiveurl` | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date' | URL | suggested | | Archive date | `archive-date``archivedate` | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | String | suggested | | URL access date | `access-date``accessdate` | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | Date | suggested | | Name of publication | `work``journal``magazine``periodical``newspaper``website` | Name of the newspaper, magazine or periodical; displays after title Example[[The Wall Street Journal]] | String | suggested | | Department | `department` | Department within the periodical | String | optional | | Publisher | `publisher``institution` | Name of the parent institution or company that publishes the newspaper, magazine, or periodical; displays after name of the publication Example[[Gannett]] | String | optional | | Location of publication | `location``place` | Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place' | String | optional | | Page | `page` | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | String | optional | | Pages | `pages` | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.' Example 2–3 | String | suggested | | At | `at` | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | String | optional | | Language | `language` | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use a two-letter language code (use ISO 639-1) or the full language name. Do not use icons or templates. Example Spanish | String | optional | | Type | `type` | Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case | String | optional | | Format | `format` | Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | String | optional | | Edition | `edition` | When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.' | String | optional | | Place of publication | `publication-place` | Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' | String | optional | | Publication date | `publication-date` | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink Auto value | Date | optional | | Date format | `df` | Sets rendered dates to the specified format | String | optional | | Via | `via` | Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library) Example[[EBSCOHost]], [[Proquest]], [[Newspapers.com]] | String | optional | | Volume | `volume` | For one publication published in several volumes. Usually a number. Do not prepend with vol. or v. Example 3 | String | optional | | Issue | `issue``number` | Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Usually a number. Do not prepend with no. Example 4 | Line | optional | | No pp | `no-pp` | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') Auto value`y` | Boolean | optional | | arXiv identifier | `arxiv` | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | String | optional | | ASIN | `asin` | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | String | optional | | ASIN TLD | `asin-tld` | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | String | optional | | Bibcode | `bibcode` | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | String | optional | | DOI | `doi` | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | String | optional | | DOI broken date | `doi-broken-date` | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken | Date | optional | | ISBN | `isbn``ISBN` | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | String | optional | | ISSN | `issn``ISSN` | International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen | String | optional | | jfm code | `jfm` | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | String | optional | | JSTOR | `jstor` | JSTOR identifier | String | optional | | LCCN | `lccn` | Library of Congress Control Number | String | optional | | MR | `mr` | Mathematical Reviews identifier | String | optional | | OCLC | `oclc` | Online Computer Library Center number | String | optional | | OL | `ol` | Open Library identifier | String | optional | | OSTI | `osti` | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | String | optional | | PMC | `pmc` | PubMed Center article number | String | optional | | PMID | `pmid` | PubMed Unique Identifier | String | optional | | RFC | `rfc` | Request for Comments number | String | optional | | SSRN | `ssrn` | Social Science Research Network | String | optional | | Zbl | `zbl` | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | String | optional | | id | `id` | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | String | optional | | Quote | `quote` | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation | String | optional | | Translated quote | `trans-quote` | English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. | String | optional | | Ref | `ref` | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates | String | optional | | Postscript | `postscript` | The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' Default. | String | optional | | Bibcode access level | `bibcode-access` | If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. Suggested values`free` | String | optional | | DOI access level | `doi-access` | If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'. Suggested values`free` | String | optional | | HDL access level | `hdl-access` | If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. Suggested values`free` | String | optional | | Jstor access level | `jstor-access` | If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. Suggested values`free` | String | optional | | OpenLibrary access level | `ol-access` | If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'. Suggested values`free` | String | optional | | OSTI access level | `osti-access` | If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'. Suggested values`free` | String | optional | | Agency | `agency` | The news agency (wire service) that provided the content Example Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse | String | optional | ## See also[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news/doc&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section's source code: See also")] _This template produces [COinS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=W:COinS&action=edit&redlink=1 "W:COinS (page does not exist)") metadata; see [COinS in Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COinS "wikipedia:COinS") for background information._ 1. [↑](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_ref-wikilink_5-0 "Jump up")The [pipe trick does not work inside references](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Pipe_trick&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Pipe trick (page does not exist)"), so be sure to insert a full wikilink. 2. [↑](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_news/doc#cite_ref-6 "Jump up")Compare [archived talk page](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_36&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 36 (page does not exist)").