Title: Template:Citation - freem
URL Source: https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation
Published Time: Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:25:21 GMT
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## Contents
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* [Beginning](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#)
* [1 Simple citations](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Simple_citations)Toggle Simple citations subsection
* [1.1 Example](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Example)
* [2 Full citation parameters](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Full_citation_parameters)
* [3 Parameters](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Parameters)Toggle Parameters subsection
* [3.1 Syntax](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Syntax)
* [3.2 COinS](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#COinS)
* [3.2.1 COinS metadata is created for these parameters](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#COinS_metadata_is_created_for_these_parameters)
* [3.3 What's new](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#What's_new)
* [3.4 Deprecated](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Deprecated)
* [3.5 Description](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Description)
* [3.5.1 Authors](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Authors)
* [3.5.2 Editors](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Editors)
* [3.5.3 Title](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Title)
* [3.5.4 Date](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Date)
* [3.5.5 Work](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Work)
* [3.5.6 Publisher](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Publisher)
* [3.5.7 Edition, series, volume](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Edition,_series,_volume)
* [3.5.8 In-source locations](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#In-source_locations)
* [3.5.9 URL](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#URL)
* [3.5.10 Chapter URL](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Chapter_URL)
* [3.5.11 Anchor](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Anchor)
* [3.5.12 Identifiers](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Identifiers)
* [3.5.13 Quote](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Quote)
* [3.5.14 Display options](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Display_options)
* [3.5.15 Subscription or registration required](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Subscription_or_registration_required)
* [3.5.15.1 Access indicators for url-holding parameters](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Access_indicators_for_url-holding_parameters)
* [3.5.15.2 Access indicator for named identifiers](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Access_indicator_for_named_identifiers)
* [3.5.15.3 Tracking of free DOIs](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Tracking_of_free_DOIs)
* [4 Examples](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Examples)Toggle Examples subsection
* [4.1 Books](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Books)
* [4.2 Web](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Web)
* [4.3 Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Journals,_newspapers,_magazines,_or_other_periodicals)
* [4.4 Conference papers and public lectures](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Conference_papers_and_public_lectures)
* [4.5 Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Parts_of_books,_including_encyclopedia_articles)
* [4.6 Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Republications,_or_edited_quotations_in_a_periodical_article)
* [4.7 Press release](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Press_release)
* [5 Anchored citations](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Anchored_citations)Toggle Anchored citations subsection
* [5.1 Anchors for Harvard referencing templates](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Anchors_for_Harvard_referencing_templates)
* [5.2 IDs must be unique](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#IDs_must_be_unique)
* [6 Dates](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Dates)
* [7 Tools](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Tools)
* [8 TemplateData](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#TemplateData)
* [9 See also](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#See_also)
* [10 Notes](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Notes)
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# Template:Citation
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* [Template](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation "View the template [alt-shift-c]")
* [Discussion](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Citation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Discussion about the content page (page does not exist) [alt-shift-t]")
- [x] English
* [Read](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation)
* [Edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation&action=edit "Edit the source code of this page [alt-shift-e]")
* [View history](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation&action=history "Past revisions of this page [alt-shift-h]")
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* [Read](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation)
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* [View history](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation&action=history)
General
* [What links here](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Citation "A list of all wiki pages that link here [alt-shift-j]")
* [Related changes](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Template:Citation "Recent changes in pages linked from this page [alt-shift-k]")
* [Special pages](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [alt-shift-q]")
* [Printable version](javascript:print(); "Printable version of this page [alt-shift-p]")
* [Permanent link](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation&oldid=579552 "Permanent link to this revision of this page")
* [Page information](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation&action=info "More information about this page")
* [Expand all](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation# "Expand all collapsible elements on the current page")
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From freem
 Template documentation[[view](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation/doc "Template:Citation/doc")] [[edit](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Citation/doc "Special:EditPage/Template:Citation/doc")] [[history](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:PageHistory/Template:Citation/doc "Special:PageHistory/Template:Citation/doc")] [[purge](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:Purge/Template:Citation "Special:Purge/Template:Citation")]
For the[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation\_needed "wikipedia:Citation needed")_] template, see {{[citation needed](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation_needed "Template:Citation needed")}}.
This template can only be edited by [administrators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrators "wikipedia:Administrators") because it is [transcluded](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Transclusion&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Transclusion (page does not exist)") onto one or more [cascade-protected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_policy#Cascading_protection "wikipedia:Protection policy") pages.
**This template is used on [420,000+ pages](https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=https:freemwiki.com&page=Template%3ACitation#transclusions)**.
To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's [/sandbox](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/sandbox&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Citation/sandbox (page does not exist)") or [/testcases](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/testcases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Citation/testcases (page does not exist)") subpages, or in your own [user subpage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_pages#SUB "wikipedia:User pages"). The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the [talk page](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Citation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template talk:Citation (page does not exist)") before implementing them.
This template uses [Lua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua "wikipedia:Lua"):
* [Module:Citation/CS1](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1 "Module:Citation/CS1")
The **Citation** template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between `[...]` tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the same [Lua](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:Lua&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:Lua (page does not exist)") code as [citation style 1 (CS1)](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") templates with parameters to change the displayed format to [citation style 2 (CS2)](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 2 (page does not exist)").
If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{[Cite book](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_book "Template:Cite book")}} and {{[Cite web](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Cite_web "Template:Cite web")}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter.
Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text.
Notes:
* All parameter names must be [lowercase](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Lowercase&action=edit&redlink=1 "Lowercase (page does not exist)").
* Invisible unicode space characters (see [list](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invisible_char "Help:CS1 errors")) will return an error message. Non-intentional invisible characters should be removed; intentional ones should be replaced with their corresponding HTML entity (e.g. ``).
## Simple citations[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-1 "Edit section's source code: Simple citations")]
This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.
`{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |access-date=}}`
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| year =
| title =
| publisher =
| publication-place =
| page =
| url =
| access-date =
}}
* **last**: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the **author** parameter.
* **first**: The author's first or given name(s).
* **year**: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from [Template:Harvard citation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harvard_citation "Template:Harvard citation"), unless `|date=` specifies both month and year.
* **title**: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
* **publisher**: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as _Publishers_, _Co._, _Inc._, _Ltd._, etc., but retain the words _Books_ or _Press_. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. _[Newsweek](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Newsweek&action=edit&redlink=1 "Newsweek (page does not exist)")_, _[Billboard](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Billboard\_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Billboard (magazine) (page does not exist)")_).
* **publication-place** (or **place** or **location**): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. _The New York Times_, _The Times of India_)
* **page**: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with **pages**.
* **url**: A [url](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Uniform_resource_locator&action=edit&redlink=1 "Uniform resource locator (page does not exist)") of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
* **access-date**: Date[[n 1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_note-dates-1) when the url was accessed.
### Example[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-2 "Edit section's source code: Example")]
{{[Citation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation)
| last = Turner
| first = Orsamus
| title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve
| publisher = William Alling
| place = Rochester, New York
| year = 1851
| ol = 7120924W
}}Turner, Orsamus (1851), _History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve_, Rochester, New York: William Alling, [OL](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=OL_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "OL (identifier) (page does not exist)")[7120924W](https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7120924W)
## Full citation parameters[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-3 "Edit section's source code: Full citation parameters")]
These can be used for all types of publication. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items— these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.
{{Citation
| last1 =
| first1 =
| author-link1 =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author-link2 =
| display-authors =
| author-mask1 =
| author-mask2 =
| collaboration =
| date =
| year =
| orig-date =
| location =
| editor-last1 =
| editor-first1 =
| editor-link1 =
| editor-last2 =
| editor-first2 =
| editor-link2 =
| display-editors =
| editor-mask1 =
| editor-mask2 =
| title =
| script-title =
| trans-title =
| title-link =
| url =
| url-access =
| format =
| department =
| website =
| script-website =
| trans-website =
| type =
| series =
| language =
| interviewer-last1 =
| interviewer-first1 =
| interviewer-link1 =
| interviewer-last2 =
| interviewer-first2 =
| interviewer-link2 =
| display-interviewers =
| interviewer-mask1 =
| interviewer-mask2 =
| translator-last1 =
| translator-first1 =
| translator-link1 =
| translator-last2 =
| translator-first2 =
| translator-link2 =
| display-translators =
| translator-mask1 =
| translator-mask2 =
| others =
| name-list-style =
| edition =
| publication-place =
| publisher =
| publication-date =
| minutes =
| time-caption =
| time =
| page =
| pages =
| at =
| no-pp =
| arxiv =
| asin =
| asin-tld =
| bibcode =
| bibcode-access =
| biorxiv =
| citeseerx =
| doi =
| doi-access =
| doi-broken-date =
| eissn =
| hdl =
| hdl-access =
| isbn =
| ismn =
| issn =
| jfm =
| jstor =
| jstor-access =
| lccn =
| medrxiv =
| mr =
| oclc =
| ol =
| ol-access =
| osti =
| osti-access =
| pmc =
| pmc-embargo-date =
| pmid =
| rfc =
| sbn =
| ssrn =
| s2cid =
| s2cid-access =
| zbl =
| id =
| url-status =
| archive-url =
| archive-format =
| archive-date =
| access-date =
| via =
| quote-page =
| quote-pages =
| quote =
| script-quote =
| trans-quote =
| mode =
| ref =
| postscript =
}}
## Parameters[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-4 "Edit section's source code: Parameters")]
### Syntax[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-5 "Edit section's source code: Syntax")]
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
* _parent_
* OR: _parent2_—may be used instead of _parent_
* _child_—may be used with _parent_ (and is ignored if _parent_ is not used)
* OR: _child2_—may be used instead of _child_ (and is ignored if _parent2_ is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a comma (,).
### COinS[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-6 "Edit section's source code: COinS")]
This template embeds [COinS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=COinS&action=edit&redlink=1 "COinS (page does not exist)") metadata in the HTML output, allowing [reference management software](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Reference_management_software&action=edit&redlink=1 "Reference management software (page does not exist)") to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See [Wikipedia:COinS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COinS "wikipedia:COinS"). As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
* use `|date=27 September 2007` not `|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)`
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example ` `, `–`, or ` `, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
#### COinS metadata is created for these parameters[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/coins&action=edit§ion=T-1 "Edit section's source code: COinS metadata is created for these parameters")]
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the [Usage](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Usage) section near the top of this documentation page.
* `|periodical=`, `|journal=`, `|newspaper=`, `|magazine=`, `|work=`, `|website=`, `|encyclopedia=`, `|encyclopaedia=`, `|dictionary=`
* `|chapter=`, `|script-chapter=`, `|contribution=`, `|script-contribution=`, `|entry=`, `|script-entry=`, `|article=`, `|script-article=`, `|section=`, `|script-section=`
* `|title=`, `|script-title=`, `|book-title=`
* `|publication-place=`, `|place=`, `|location=`
* `|date=`, `|year=`, `|publication-date=`
* `|series=`, `|version=`
* `|volume=`, `|issue=`, `|number=`
* `|page=`, `|pages=`, `|at=`, `|quote-page=`, `|quote-pages=`
* `|edition=`
* `|publisher=`, `|institution=`
* `|url=`, `|chapter-url=`, `|contribution-url=`, `|section-url=`
* `|author-last=`, `|author-last#=`, `|author#-last=`, `|author-surname=`, `|author-surname#=`, `|author#-surname=`, `|last=`, `|last#=`, `|surname=`, `|surname#=`, `|author=`, `|author#=`, `|subject=`, `|subject#=`, `|host=`, `|host#=`
* `|author-first=`, `|author-first#=`, `|author#-first=`, `|author-given=`, `|author-given#=`, `|author#-given=`, `|first=`, `|first#=`, `|given=`, `|given#=`
* `|degree=`
* `|arxiv=`, `|bibcode=`, `|biorxiv=`, `|citeseerx=`, `|doi=`, `|eissn=`, `|eprint=`, `|hdl=`, `|isbn=`, `|issn=`, `|jfm=`, `|jstor=`, `|lccn=`, `|message-id=`, `|mr=`, `|oclc=`, `|osti=`, `|pmc=`, `|pmid=`, `|rfc=`, `|ssrn=`, `|s2cid=`, `|zbl=`
### What's new[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-7 "Edit section's source code: What's new")]
What's new or changed recently | Parameter | Description | Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| N/A |
### Deprecated[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-8 "Edit section's source code: Deprecated")]
{{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deprecated_params_table}} {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deleted_params_table}}
### Description[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-9 "Edit section's source code: Description")]
#### Authors[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-10 "Edit section's source code: Authors")]
* **last**: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use **author-link** instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use **last** or one of its aliases (e.g. `|author=Bono`). Aliases: **surname**, **author**, **last1**, **surname1**, **author1**.
* **author**: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of `|first=` and `|last=`. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata.
* **first**: Given or first names of author; for example: _Firstname Middlename_ or _Firstname M._ or _Firstname M. Sr._ Do not wikilink—use **author-link** instead. Aliases: **given**, **first1**, **given1**. Requires **last**; first name will not display if **last** is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with [MOS:JRSR](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:JRSR&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:JRSR (page does not exist)") and use honorifics (including [Dr.](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Doctor_(title)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Doctor (title) (page does not exist)"), [Sir](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Sir&action=edit&redlink=1 "Sir (page does not exist)"), and similar) only in accordance with [MOS:HON](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:HON&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:HON (page does not exist)").
* OR: for multiple authors, use **last1**, **first1** through **last n**, **first n**, where _n_ is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each **first n** requires a corresponding **last n**, but not the other way around). See the [**display**](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#csdoc_display) parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: **surname1**, **given1** through **surname n**, **given n**, or **author1** through **author n**. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use `|first1=...``|last1=...``|author2=...`.
* **author-link**: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: **author-link1**, **author1-link**, **authorlink**.
* OR: for multiple authors, use **author-link1** through **author-link n**. Aliases: **author1-link** through **author n-link**.
* **name-list-style**: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to `amp`, `ampersand`, or `&`, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to `and`, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to `vanc`displays name lists in [Vancouver style](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Vancouver_style&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vancouver style (page does not exist)") when the lists use the `last`/`first` forms of name parameters.
* **vauthors**: comma-separated list of author names in [Vancouver style](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Vancouver_style&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vancouver style (page does not exist)"); enclose corporate or institutional author names in [doubled parentheses](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). End with etal if appropriate: `|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal`
* **author-link** and **author-mask** may be used for the individual names in `|vauthors=` as described above
* **authors**: deprecated ~~Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of **last**.~~
* **contributor-last**: (book cites only) surname of the author of **contribution** (which is required). Aliases: **contributor-surname**, **contributor1**, **contributor1-last**, **contributor-last1**. Supports [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)").
* **contributor-first**: Given or first names of contributor. Do not wikilink—use **contributor-link** instead. Aliases: **contributor-given**, **contributor1-first**, **contributor-first1**.
* OR: for multiple contributors, use **contributor-last1**, **contributor-first1** through **contributor-last n**, **contributor-first n** where _n_ is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of contributors (each **contributor-first n** requires a corresponding **contributor-last n**, but not the other way around). Aliases: **contributor1-last**, **contributor1-first** through **contributor n-last**, **contributor n-first**, or **contributor1** through **contributor n**.
* **contributor-link**: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the contributor—not the contributor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: **contributor-link1**, **contributor1-link**.
* OR: for multiple contributors, use **contributor-link1** through **contributor-link n**. Aliases: **contributor1-link** through **contributor n-link**.
* **translator-last**: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use **translator-link** instead. Aliases: **translator-surname**, **translator1**, **translator1-last**, **translator-last1**. Supports [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)").
* **translator-first**: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use **translator-link** instead. Aliases: **translator-given**, **translator1-first**, **translator-first1**.
* OR: for multiple translators, use **translator-last1**, **translator-first1** through **translator-last n**, **translator-first n**, where _n_ is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each **translator-first n** requires a corresponding **translator-last n**, but not the other way around). Aliases: **translator1-last**, **translator1-first** through **translator n-last**, **translator n-first**, or **translator1** through **translator n**.
* **translator-link**: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: **translator-link1**, **translator1-link**.
* OR: for multiple translators, use **translator-link1** through **translator-link n**. Aliases: **translator1-link** through **translator n-link**.
* **collaboration**: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires **author**, **last**, or **vauthors** listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
* **others**: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write _Illustrated by John Smith_.
* Note: When using [shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)") or [parenthetical referencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources#Parenthetical_referencing "wikipedia:Citing sources") styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
#### Editors[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-11 "Edit section's source code: Editors")]
* **editor-last**: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use **editor-link** instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use **editor-last** to include the same format as the source. Aliases: **editor-last1**, **editor1-last**, **editor-surname**, **editor-surname1**, **editor1-surname**, **editor**, **editor1**.
* **editor**: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor. Supports [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)").
* **editor-first**: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: _Firstname Middlename_ or _Firstname M._ or _Dr. Firstname M., Sr._ Do not wikilink—use **editor-link** instead. Aliases: **editor-first1**, **editor1-first**, **editor-given**, **editor-given1**, **editor1-given**.
* OR: for multiple editors, use **editor-last1**, **editor-first1** through **editor-last n**, **editor-first n** (Aliases: **editor n-last**, **editor-surname n** or **editor n-surname**; **editor n-first**, **editor-given n** or **editor n-given**; **editor n**). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use `|editor-first1=...``|editor-last1=...``|editor2=...`.
* **editor-link**: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: **editor-link1**.
* OR: for multiple editors, use **editor-link1** through **editor-link n** (alias **editor n-link**).
* **name-list-style**: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to `amp`, `ampersand`, or `&`, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to `and`, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to `vanc`displays name lists in [Vancouver style](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Vancouver_style&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vancouver style (page does not exist)") when the lists use the `last`/`first` forms of name parameters.
* **veditors**: comma separated list of editor names in [Vancouver style](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Vancouver_style&action=edit&redlink=1 "Vancouver style (page does not exist)"); enclose corporate or institutional names in [doubled parentheses](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)"). End with etal if appropriate: `|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal`
* **editor-link _n_** and **editor-mask _n_** may be used for the individual names in `|veditors=`, as described above
* Display: Use **display-editors** to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."
#### Title[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-12 "Edit section's source code: Title")]
(See also [Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)").)
* **title**: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or **url** may be used to add an external link, but not both. If **work** (or its alias) is defined, then **title** is displayed in quotes; otherwise, **title** displays in italics. If **script-title** is defined, use **title** to hold a [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") (if available) of the title in **script-title**.
* **script-title**: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in **title** (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [supported language codes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to help browsers properly display the script: `... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...`
* **trans-title**: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after **title**. Use of the **language** parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
| newline | [ | ] | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| space | [ | ] | `{{!}}` (preferred) |
| | [{{bracket|text}}](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Bracket&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Bracket (page does not exist)") | | or [{{pipe}}](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Pipe "Template:Pipe") – see also [Help:Table §Rendering the pipe](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Table&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Table (page does not exist)") |
* **title-link**: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in **title** – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
* **chapter**: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may use **chapter-url**, but not both. Displays in quotes. If **script-chapter** is defined, use **chapter** to hold a [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") (if available) of the title in **script-chapter**
* **script-chapter**: Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); follows [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") defined in **chapter** (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [supported language codes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to help browsers properly display the script: `... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...`
* **trans-chapter**: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after the **chapter** field; if **chapter-url** is defined, then **trans-chapter** is included in the link. Use of the **language** parameter is recommended.
* **contribution**: A separately-authored part of **author**'s book. May be wikilinked or may use **contribution-url**, but not both. Values of `Afterword`, `Foreword`, `Introduction`, or `Preface` will display unquoted; any other value will display in quotation marks. The author of the contribution is given in **contributor**.
* **type**: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword `none` can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: **medium**.
* **language**: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the [ISO 639](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ISO_639&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISO 639 (page does not exist)") language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: `|language=ru`; `|lang=fr, pt-br`; `|lang=Russian`; `|language=French, Portuguese`. [See the list of supported codes and names](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/language/doc&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Citation Style documentation/language/doc (page does not exist)"). Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of [Category:CS1 foreign language sources](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:CS1 foreign language sources (page does not exist)"). Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g. _español_ at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: **lang**
#### Date[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-13 "Edit section's source code: Date")]
"Wikipedia:Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, see [Template:Undated](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Undated&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Undated (page does not exist)").
* **date**: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[[date 1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_note-date-2) Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see [Help:Citation Style 1 §Dates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)").
[Shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)") target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate `{{sfn}}` links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[[more]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Sfn&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Sfn (page does not exist)") unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, **year** or **ref** is required to disambiguate the link targets.For approximate year, precede with "`c.`", like this: `|date=c. 1900`.For no date, or "undated", use `|date=n.d.`The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a `created` or `updated` date; a comment for editors such as `date=2021-12-25|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01` can be added.Automatic date formatting: [Citation Style 1](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") and [2](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 2 (page does not exist)") templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as `|date=`, `|publication-date=`, `|access-date=`, `|archive-date=`, etc.) except for `|orig-date=` in the style specified by the article's `{{use dmy dates}}` or `{{use mdy dates}}` template. See those templates' documentation for details.
* **year**: Year of publication. The more flexible `|date=` parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the `|date=` parameter, unless _both_ of the following conditions are met:
1. [Shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)") target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a `CITEREF`[disambiguator](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Sfn&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Sfn (page does not exist)"), usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)
2. The `|date=` format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)
* **orig-date**: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the **date** (or **year**). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: `|orig-date=First published 1859` or `|orig-date=Composed 1904`. As `|orig-date=` does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by `|df=` (or, if it exists in the article, by `|cs1-dates=` of a `{{use dmy dates}}` or `{{use mdy dates}}` template), or as used in the `|date=` parameter. Alias: **orig-year**
* **df**: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these: `dmy` – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;`mdy` – as above for month day, year format`ymd` – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD`dmy-all` – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;`mdy-all` – as above for month day, year format`ymd-all` – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
1. [↑](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_ref-date_2-0 "Jump up")Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See [MOS:DATEUNIFY](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:DATEUNIFY&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:DATEUNIFY (page does not exist)").
#### Work[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-14 "Edit section's source code: Work")]
* **work** (required by `{{cite journal}}` and `{{cite magazine}}`): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in _italics_. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If **script-work** is defined, use **work** to hold a [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") (if available) of the title in **script-work**. Aliases: **journal**, **newspaper**, **magazine**, **periodical**, **website**. Use [Latin script](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Latin_script&action=edit&redlink=1 "Latin script (page does not exist)"). For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") in this field.
* **script-work**: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in **work** (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [supported language codes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: **script-journal**, **script-newspaper**, **script-magazine**, **script-periodical**, **script-website**.
* **trans-work**: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after **work** or **script-work**. Aliases: **trans-journal**, **trans-newspaper**, **trans-magazine**, **trans-periodical**, **trans-website**. `... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...`
* **issue**: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: **number**. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. `|issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''`. Please choose either `|issue=` or `|number=` depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue _and_ number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example `|issue=2 #143`. Displayed in parentheses following **volume**.
When set, **work** changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation: **title** is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.**chapter** does not display (and will produce an error message).
#### Publisher[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-15 "Edit section's source code: Publisher")]
* **publisher**: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked[[1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_note-wikilink-4) if relevant. The [publisher](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Publisher&action=edit&redlink=1 "Publisher (page does not exist)") is the _company_, _organization_ or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. For self-published works (i.e., where the publisher is the same as the author or creator) state `|publisher=self-published`.[[2]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_note-5) Do _not_ use the **publisher** parameter for the name of a [work](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#csdoc_work) (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. This parameter is most commonly used for books, and rarely for websites or periodicals (although it may be used instead of **work** in some cases). Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes _The New York Times_ newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after **title**.
* **place**: For news stories with a [dateline](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Dateline&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dateline (page does not exist)"), the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: **location**
* **publication-place**: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, _The Boston Globe_, _The Times of India_. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of **publication-place**, **place**, or **location** is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if **publication-place** and **place** or **location** are defined, then **place** or **location** is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and **publication-place** is shown after the title.
* **publication-date**: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If **date** (or **year**) is also defined and is different, then **publication-date** displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following **publisher**. If **date** (or **year**) is not defined, **publication-date** is displayed as **date**. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
* **via**: Name of the content deliverer (if _different_ from **publisher**). **via** is not a replacement for **publisher**, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the article is attributed to a different publication (e.g. in [Yahoo News](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Yahoo_News&action=edit&redlink=1 "Yahoo News (page does not exist)")) but cannot be traced, when the content deliverer (e.g. [NewsBank](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=NewsBank&action=edit&redlink=1 "NewsBank (page does not exist)")) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (e.g. [EBSCO _host_](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=EBSCOhost&action=edit&redlink=1 "EBSCOhost (page does not exist)")), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the [**access level**](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#csdoc_access_level) parameters to display access restrictions, and the [**agency**](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#csdoc_agency) parameters if the original source is a news agency or wire service.
#### Edition, series, volume[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-16 "Edit section's source code: Edition, series, volume")]
* **edition**: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string "ed." after the field, so `|edition=2nd` produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
* **series** or **version**: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.
* **volume**: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the **title** and **series** fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.
#### In-source locations[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-17 "Edit section's source code: In-source locations")]
* **page**: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either `|page=` or `|pages=`, but not both. Displays preceded by `p.` unless `|no-pp=yes`. If hyphenated, use {{[hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Hyphen (page does not exist)")}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. `|page=3{{hyphen}}12`), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert `|page=3-12` to `|pages=3{{ndash}}12`. Alias: **p**.
* OR: **pages**: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either `|page=` or `|pages=`, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by `pp.` unless `|no-pp=yes`.
Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use [double parentheses](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to tell the template to display the value of `|pages=` without processing it, and use {{[hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Hyphen (page does not exist)")}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: `|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))`. Alternatively, use `|at=`, like this: `|at=pp. 3-1–3-15`. Alias: **pp**.
* **no-pp**: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the `p.` or `pp.` notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where `|page=Front cover` or `|pages=passim`.
* OR: **at**: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by `|page=` or `|pages=`. Use only one of `|page=`, `|pages=`, or `|at=`.
Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
* For `|quote-page=` and `|quote-pages=` used in conjunction with `|quote=`, see [here](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#csdoc_quote).
#### URL[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-18 "Edit section's source code: URL")]
* **url**: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by **title** can be found. Cannot be used if **title** is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. `#ixzz2rBr3aO94` or `?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...`. For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see [WP:PAGELINKS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:PAGELINKS&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:PAGELINKS (page does not exist)"). Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as [Amazon](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Amazon_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Amazon (company) (page does not exist)"); use `|isbn=` or `|oclc=` to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
* **access-date**: Full date when the content pointed to by **url** was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires **url**; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[[date 1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_note-date-6)_Not required for linked documents that do not change._ For example, **access-date** is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see [WP:CITEWEB](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:CITEWEB&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:CITEWEB (page does not exist)"). Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that **access-date** is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See ["Automatic date formatting"](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#csdoc_auto-date-format) above for details about interaction with `{{use dmy dates}}` and `{{use mdy dates}}`. Can be [hidden or styled](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1/accessdate&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1/accessdate (page does not exist)") by registered editors. Alias: **accessdate**.
* **archive-url**: The URL of an [archived](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Web_archiving&action=edit&redlink=1 "Web archiving (page does not exist)") snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as [Internet Archive](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Internet_Archive&action=edit&redlink=1 "Internet Archive (page does not exist)")(see [Help:Using the Wayback Machine](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Using_the_Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Using the Wayback Machine (page does not exist)")) and [archive.today](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Archive.today&action=edit&redlink=1 "Archive.today (page does not exist)")(see [Help:Using archive.today](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Using_archive.today&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Using archive.today (page does not exist)")); requires **archive-date** and **url**. By default (overridden by `|url-status=live`) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: **archiveurl**.
* **archive-date**: Archive service snapshot date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[[date 1]](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_note-date-6) Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See ["Automatic date formatting"](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#csdoc_auto-date-format) above for details about interaction with `{{use dmy dates}}` and `{{use mdy dates}}`. Alias: **archivedate**.
* **url-status**: A control parameter to select one of `|url=` or `|archive-url=` to link `|title=`; requires **url**_and_**archive-url**. Use `{{dead link}}` to mark dead `|url=` when there is no `|archive-url=`. Accepts multiple keywords:
* `dead` – (default condition when `|url-status=` omitted or empty) selects `|archive-url=`
* `live` – selects `|url=`; used when `|url=` is preemptively archived with `|archive-url=`
* `deviated` – selects `|archive-url=`; used when `|url=` is still live but no longer supports the text in a Wikipedia article
* `unfit` – selects `|archive-url=`; used when `|url=` links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, or other unsuitable _page_; links to `|url=` are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead [usurpation](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:USURPURL&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:USURPURL (page does not exist)") or [blacklist](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:BLACKLIST&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:BLACKLIST (page does not exist)"). Bot help is available at [WP:URLREQ](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:URLREQ&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:URLREQ (page does not exist)")
* `usurped` – selects `|archive-url=`; used when the _domain_ in `|url=` no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities such as vice, reseller, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, and advertising sites; links to `|url=` are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at [WP:URLREQ](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:URLREQ&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:URLREQ (page does not exist)")
* `bot: unknown` – Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in [Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (page does not exist)") when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.
* **archive-format**: File format of the work referred to by **archive-url**; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the [external link icon](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:External_link_icons&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:External link icons (page does not exist)") (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include [alt text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALT "wikipedia:ALT"); thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) See [Using |format=](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)")
* **url-access**: See [Access indicators for url-holding parameters](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Access_indicators_for_url-holding_parameters)
* **format**: File format of the work referred to by **url**; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after **title**. (For media format, use **type**.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the [external link icon](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:External_link_icons&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:External link icons (page does not exist)") (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include [alt text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALT "wikipedia:ALT"); thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) See [Using |format=](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)")
URLs must begin with a supported [URI scheme](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=URI_scheme&action=edit&redlink=1 "URI scheme (page does not exist)"). `http://` and `https://` will be supported by all browsers; however, `ftp://`, `gopher://`, `irc://`, `ircs://`, `mailto:` and `news:` may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. [IPv6](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=IPv6&action=edit&redlink=1 "IPv6 (page does not exist)") host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in [citation template parameters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_templates#Examples "wikipedia:Citation templates") contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be [percent-encoded](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Percent-encoded&action=edit&redlink=1 "Percent-encoded (page does not exist)"). For example, a space must be replaced by `%20`. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
| Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D |
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
1. ↑ [Jump up to: 1.0](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_ref-date_6-0)[1.1](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_ref-date_6-1)Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See [MOS:DATEUNIFY](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=MOS:DATEUNIFY&action=edit&redlink=1 "MOS:DATEUNIFY (page does not exist)").
#### Chapter URL[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-19 "Edit section's source code: Chapter URL")]
* **chapter-url**: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by **chapter** or **contribution** can be found. Cannot be used if those parameters are wikilinked. Should be at the same site as **url**, if any. If **chapter-url** is used, **url** should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site. Aliases: **contribution-url**, **section-url**.
* **chapter-format**: Format of the work referred to by **chapter-url**; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after **chapter**. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the [external link icon](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:External_link_icons&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:External link icons (page does not exist)"). Note: External link icons do not include [alt text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALT "wikipedia:ALT"); thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.
#### Anchor[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-20 "Edit section's source code: Anchor")]
Not to be confused with [§Identifiers](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Identifiers).
Further information: [§Anchored citations](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Anchored_citations)
* **ref**: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, `|ref=ID` generates an anchor with the given `ID` (the `id=` attribute in the citation's `` HTML tag). Setting `|ref=ID` identifies the template as a target and allows [wikilinking to full references](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources/Further_considerations#Wikilinks_to_full_references "wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations"), especially useful with short-form citations like [shortened notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources#Shortened_footnotes "wikipedia:Citing sources") and [parenthetical referencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthetical_referencing "wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing"). The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{[sfn](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Sfn&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Sfn (page does not exist)")}} and {{[harv](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harv "Template:Harv")}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair `|ref=harv` has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should _not_ be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set `|ref=none`. Aliases: none.
#### Identifiers[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-21 "Edit section's source code: Identifiers")]
Not to be confused with [§Anchor](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Anchor).
* **id**: A [unique identifier](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Unique_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1 "Unique identifier (page does not exist)"), used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an [external link template](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:External_link_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:External link templates (page does not exist)") as applicable. For example, `|id=NCJ 122967` will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as `|id={{NCJ|122967}}` to append [NCJ](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=NCJ_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "NCJ (identifier) (page does not exist)")[122967](https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=122967) instead.
The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. `|rfc=822` or `|pmc=345678`.
* **arxiv**: [arXiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "ArXiv (page does not exist)")[identifier](https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier); for example: `|arxiv=hep-th/9205027` (before April 2007) or `|arxiv=0706.0001` (April 2007 – December 2014) or `|arxiv=1501.00001` (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: **eprint**.
* **asin**: [Amazon Standard Identification Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "Amazon Standard Identification Number (page does not exist)"); if first character of **asin** value is a digit, use **isbn**. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example `|asin=B00005N5PF`. Aliases: **ASIN**.
* **asin-tld**: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|asin-tld_values_list}}. Aliases: none.
* **bibcode**: [bibcode](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1 "Bibcode (page does not exist)"); used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: `1974AJ.....79..819H`. Aliases: none.
* **biorxiv**: [bioRxiv](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=BioRxiv&action=edit&redlink=1 "BioRxiv (page does not exist)") id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. `10.1101/078733` for [http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733](http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733) or [https://doi.org/10.1101/078733](https://doi.org/10.1101/078733); `10.1101/2020.07.24.220400` for [https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400](https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400)). Aliases: none.
* **citeseerx**: [CiteSeerX](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=CiteSeerX&action=edit&redlink=1 "CiteSeerX (page does not exist)") id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. `10.1.1.176.341` for [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341)). Aliases: none.
* **doi**: [Digital object identifier](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1 "Digital object identifier (page does not exist)"); for example: `10.1038/news070508-7`. It is checked to ensure it begins with (`10.`). Aliases: **DOI**.
* Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ DOIs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#ATAWM).
* **doi-broken-date**: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at [https://doi.org](https://doi.org/). Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
* **eissn**: [International Standard Serial Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Standard Serial Number (page does not exist)") for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a [hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hyphen (page does not exist)"), but not an [en dash](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Dash&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dash (page does not exist)") or a space; example `|eissn=1557-2986`. Aliases: **EISSN**.
* Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ eISSNs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#ATAWM).
* **hdl**: [Handle System](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Handle_System&action=edit&redlink=1 "Handle System (page does not exist)") identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example `|hdl=20.1000/100`. Aliases: **HDL**.
* **isbn**: [International Standard Book Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Standard Book Number (page does not exist)"); for example: `978-0-8126-9593-9`. (See [Wikipedia:ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN "wikipedia:ISBN") and [ISBN §Overview](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ISBN&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISBN (page does not exist)").) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use **sbn**. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without _any_ additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: **ISBN**.
* Use the {{[Format ISBN](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Format_ISBN&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Format ISBN (page does not exist)")}} template within the parameter– in the form `|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}}`– if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.
* Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ ISBNs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#ATAWM).
* **ismn**: [International Standard Music Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=International_Standard_Music_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Standard Music Number (page does not exist)"); for example: `979-0-9016791-7-7`. [Hyphens](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Hyphens&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hyphens (page does not exist)") or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without _any_ additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: **ISMN**.
* **issn**: [International Standard Serial Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "International Standard Serial Number (page does not exist)"); eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a [hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hyphen (page does not exist)"), but not an [en dash](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Dash&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dash (page does not exist)") or a space; example `|issn=2049-3630`. Aliases: **ISSN**.
* Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ ISSNs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#ATAWM).
* **jfm**: _[Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Jahrbuch\_%C3%BCber\_die\_Fortschritte\_der\_Mathematik&action=edit&redlink=1 "Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik (page does not exist)")_; do not include "JFM" in the value; example `|jfm=53.0144.01`. Aliases: **JFM**.
* **jstor**: [JSTOR](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=JSTOR&action=edit&redlink=1 "JSTOR (page does not exist)") reference number; for example: `|jstor=3793107`. Aliases: **JSTOR**.
* **lccn**: [Library of Congress Control Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Control_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "Library of Congress Control Number (page does not exist)"). When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example `|lccn=79-57364` or `|lccn=2004042477` or `|lccn=e09001178`. Aliases: **LCCN**.
* **mr**: [Mathematical Reviews](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Mathematical_Reviews&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mathematical Reviews (page does not exist)"); example `|mr=630583`. Aliases: **MR**.
* **oclc**: [OCLC Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=OCLC_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "OCLC Number (page does not exist)") for looking up publications in the [WorldCat](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WorldCat&action=edit&redlink=1 "WorldCat (page does not exist)")[union catalog](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Union_catalog&action=edit&redlink=1 "Union catalog (page does not exist)"); example `|oclc=9355469`. Aliases: **OCLC**.
* **ol**: [Open Library](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Open_Library&action=edit&redlink=1 "Open Library (page does not exist)") identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example `|ol=7030731M`. Aliases: **OL**.
* **osti**: [Office of Scientific and Technical Information](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information&action=edit&redlink=1 "Office of Scientific and Technical Information (page does not exist)"); example `|osti=4367507`. Aliases: **OSTI**.
* **pmc**: [PubMed Central](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1 "PubMed Central (page does not exist)"); use article number for [open repository](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Open_repository&action=edit&redlink=1 "Open repository (page does not exist)") full-text of a journal article, e.g. `|pmc=345678`. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the **pmid** parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: **PMC**.
* **pmc-embargo-date**: Date that **pmc** goes live; if this date is in the future, then **pmc** is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
* **pmid**: [PubMed](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=PubMed&action=edit&redlink=1 "PubMed (page does not exist)"); use unique identifier; example `|pmid=17322060`See also the **pmc** parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: **PMID**.
* **rfc**: [Request for Comments](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Request_for_Comments&action=edit&redlink=1 "Request for Comments (page does not exist)"); example `|rfc=3143`. Aliases: **RFC**.
* **sbn**: [Standard Book Number](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1 "Standard Book Number (page does not exist)"); example `|sbn=356-02201-3`. Aliases: **SBN**.
* Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate _valid_ SBNs using a non-standard format, see [below](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#ATAWM).
* **ssrn**: [Social Science Research Network](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Social_Science_Research_Network&action=edit&redlink=1 "Social Science Research Network (page does not exist)"); example `|ssrn=1900856`. Aliases: **SSRN**.
* **s2cid**: [Semantic Scholar](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&redlink=1 "Semantic Scholar (page does not exist)") corpus ID; example `|s2cid=37220927`. Aliases: **S2CID**.
* **zbl**: [Zentralblatt MATH](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Zentralblatt_MATH&action=edit&redlink=1 "Zentralblatt MATH (page does not exist)"); example `|zbl=0472.53010` For zbMATH search results like `JFM 35.0387.02` use `|jfm=35.0387.02`. Aliases: **ZBL**.
In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (`|doi=`, `|eissn=`, `|isbn=`, `|issn=`, and `|sbn=`) support a special [accept-this-as-written markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as `|=(())`). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the [access status](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") using the corresponding `|-access=` parameter.
For {{[cite journal](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Cite journal (page does not exist)")}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when `|url=` and `|title-link=` are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for `|title-link=` to manually select a specific source (`|title-link=pmc` or `|title-link=doi`) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (`|title-link=none`).
It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link _identical_ to a link also produced by an identifier. The `|url=` parameter (or `|title-link=`) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a [convenience link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources#Convenience_links "wikipedia:Citing sources") to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
#### Quote[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-22 "Edit section's source code: Quote")]
* **quote**: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. If **script-quote** is defined, use **quote** to hold a [Romanization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:ROMAN&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:ROMAN (page does not exist)") (if available) of the text in **script-quote**. When quoting a copyrighted text, only [brief quotations to attribute a point of view or idea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-free_content#Text "wikipedia:Non-free content") are permitted; extensive quotations are prohibited.
* **script-quote**: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in **quote** (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the [supported language codes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to help browsers properly display the script: `... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...`
* **trans-quote**: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
* **quote-page**: The number of a single page quoted in `|quote=`. Use either `|quote-page=` or `|quote-pages=`, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in `|page=`, `|pages=` or `|at=`. Displays preceded by `p.` unless `|no-pp=yes`. If hyphenated, use {{[hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Hyphen (page does not exist)")}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. `|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12`). Alias: none.
* OR: **quote-pages**: A list or range of pages quoted in `|quote=`. Use either `|quote-page=` or `|quote-pages=`, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in `|pages=` or `|at=`. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by `pp.` unless `|no-pp=yes` is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use [double parentheses](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") to tell the template to display the value of `|quote-pages=` without processing it, and use {{[hyphen](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Hyphen (page does not exist)")}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: `|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))`. Alias: none.
#### Display options[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-23 "Edit section's source code: Display options")]
* **mode**: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For `|mode=cs1`, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (`.`); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For `|mode=cs2`, element separator is a comma (`,`); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use **postscript**.
* **author-mask**:
* **contributor-mask**:
* **editor-mask**:
* **interviewer-mask**:
* **subject-mask**:
* **translator-mask**: Replaces the name of the (first) author with [em dashes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Dash&action=edit&redlink=1 "Dash (page does not exist)") or text. Set **-mask** to a numeric value _n_ to set the dash _n_ em spaces wide; set **-mask** to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with **-link**—in this case, the value of **-link** will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as [shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)"). Do not use in a list generated by `{{reflist}}`, `` or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. `|authorn-mask=`) to apply the mask to a specific name.
* **display-authors**:
* **display-contributors**:
* **display-editors**:
* **display-interviewers**:
* **display-subjects**:
* **display-translators**: Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example, `|display-authors=2` will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors). `|display-authors=0` is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al. `|display-authors=etal` displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
* **postscript**: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to none. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. `|postscript=` is ignored if **quote** is defined.
#### Subscription or registration required[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-24 "Edit section's source code: Subscription or registration required")]
Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in [Verifiability § Access to sources](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:PAYWALL&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:PAYWALL (page does not exist)"). As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to [verifying claims in articles](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:V&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:V (page does not exist)").
Four access levels can be used:
* [access indicator for named identifiers](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Access_indicator_for_named_identifiers):
* `free`: the source is free to read for anyone
* [access indicators for url-holding parameters](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Access_indicators_for_url-holding_parameters):
* `registration`: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
* `limited`: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required
* `subscription`: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("[paywall](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Paywall&action=edit&redlink=1 "Paywall (page does not exist)")")
As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
##### Access indicators for url-holding parameters[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/registration&action=edit§ion=T-1 "Edit section's source code: Access indicators for url-holding parameters")]
[Shortcut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortcut "wikipedia:Shortcut")
* [WP:URLACCESS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:URLACCESS&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:URLACCESS (page does not exist)")
Online sources linked by `|url=`, `|article-url=`, `|chapter-url=`, `|contribution-url=`, `|entry-url=`, `|map-url=`, and `|section-url=` are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked as `free`. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add `|archive-url=` and `|archive-date=` values if possible.
URL-holding and access-indicator parameters | URL | Access | Allowed keywords |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `|url=` | `|url-access=` | `registration` `limited` `subscription` |
| `|article-url=` | `|article-url-access=` |
| `|chapter-url=` | `|chapter-url-access=` |
| `|contribution-url=` | `|contribution-url-access=` |
| `|entry-url=` | `|entry-url-access=` |
| `|map-url=` | `|map-url-access=` |
| `|section-url=` | `|section-url-access=` |
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
{{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}
which renders as:
["Nifty example data"](https://example.com/nifty_data.php). 2021-04-15.
##### Access indicator for named identifiers[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/registration&action=edit§ion=T-2 "Edit section's source code: Access indicator for named identifiers")]
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as `limited`, `registration`, or `subscription`.
Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters | Identifier | Access | Allowed keywords |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `|bibcode=` | `|bibcode-access=` | `free` |
| `|doi=` | `|doi-access=` |
| `|hdl=` | `|hdl-access=` |
| `|jstor=` | `|jstor-access=` |
| `|ol=` | `|ol-access=` |
| `|osti=` | `|osti-access=` |
| `|ssrn=` | `|ssrn-access=` |
| `|s2cid=` | `|s2cid-access=` |
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
* `|arxiv=`
* `|biorxiv=`
* `|citeseerx=`
* `|medrxiv=`
* `|pmc=`
* `|rfc=`
For embargoed **pmc** that will become available in the future, see **pmc-embargo-date**.
##### Tracking of free DOIs[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation_Style_documentation/registration&action=edit§ion=T-3 "Edit section's source code: Tracking of free DOIs")]
* The template is able to recognize known free-to-read [DOI registrants](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=DOI_registrant&action=edit&redlink=1 "DOI registrant (page does not exist)"), based on a list in [Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration "Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration"). Once a free registrant is identified, the `10.xxxx/...` part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under _local function build\_free\_doi\_registrants\_table()_. If `|doi-access=free` is not set, it will place the page in [Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:CS1_maint:_unflagged_free_DOI&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (page does not exist)"), which is routinely cleared by [User:Citation bot](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Citation_bot&action=edit&redlink=1 "User:Citation bot (page does not exist)").
* The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear `10.xxxx/yyyy....` DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to [Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration "Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration") under _local extended\_registrants\_t = {_ with the format `['XXXX'] = {'YYYY'},`. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format `['XXXX'] = {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},`.
* If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in [Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration "Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration"), leave a note at [User talk:Citation bot](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Citation_bot&action=edit&redlink=1 "User talk:Citation bot (page does not exist)") so the bot knows about it.
## Examples[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-25 "Edit section's source code: Examples")]
### Books[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-26 "Edit section's source code: Books")]
Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.{{Citation
| last1 = Lincoln
| first1 = A.
| last2 = Washington
| first2 = G.
| last3 = Adams
| first3 = J.
| name-list-style = amp
| title = All the Presidents' Names
| publisher = The Pentagon
| place = Home Base, New York
| volume = XII
| edition = 2nd
| year = 2007
}}Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007), _All the Presidents' Names_, vol.XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon
### Web[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-27 "Edit section's source code: Web")]
Web page{{Citation
| url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/
| title = NPS Focus
| work = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher = [[National Park Service]]
| access-date = November 30, 2010
| ref = none
}}["NPS Focus"](http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/), _National Register of Historic Places_, [National Park Service](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&redlink=1 "National Park Service (page does not exist)"), retrieved November 30, 2010
Archived page{{Citation
| url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| title = Earth's Atmosphere
| access-date = October 25, 2007
| publisher = [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]
| year = 1995
| author = NASA
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://
liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| archive-date = October 13, 2007
}}NASA (1995), [_Earth's Atmosphere_](https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html), [National Aeronautics and Space Administration](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&redlink=1 "NASA (page does not exist)"), archived from [the original](https://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html) on October 13, 2007, retrieved October 25, 2007
### Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-28 "Edit section's source code: Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals")]
Journal article{{Citation
| last = Hill
| first = Marvin S.
| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 12
| issue = 2
| year = 1976
| pages = 1–8
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}Hill, Marvin S. (1976), ["Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties"](https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf)(PDF), _BYU Studies_, **12** (2): 1–8
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier{{Citation
| last1 = Mandelkern
| first1 = M
| last2 = Elias
| first2 = J
| last3 = Eden
| first3 = D
| last4 = Crothers
| first4 = D
| display-authors = 2
| title = The dimensions of DNA in solution
| journal = J Mol Biol
| volume = 152
| issue = 1
| pages = 153–161
| year = 1981
| pmid = 7338906
| doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
}}Mandelkern, M; Elias, J; et al. (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", _J Mol Biol_, **152** (1): 153–161, [doi](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Doi (identifier) (page does not exist)"):[10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1](https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2881%2990099-1), [PMID](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "PMID (identifier) (page does not exist)")[7338906](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7338906)
Newspaper article{{Citation
| last = Smith
| first = Joseph III
| author-link = Joseph Smith III
| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper = The Saints' Herald
| location = Plano, IL
| volume = 26
| issue = 19
| date = October 1, 1879
| page = 289
| url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/
IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}[Smith, Joseph III](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Joseph_Smith_III&action=edit&redlink=1 "Joseph Smith III (page does not exist)") (October 1, 1879), ["Last Testimony of Sister Emma"](http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179), _The Saints' Herald_, vol.26, no.19, Plano, IL, p.289
### Conference papers and public lectures[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-29 "Edit section's source code: Conference papers and public lectures")]
Conference paper{{Citation
| last = Sullivan
| first = D.B.
| contribution = Time and frequency measurement
at NIST: The first 100 years
| year = 2001
| title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.
| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology
| contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf
}}Sullivan, D.B. (2001), ["Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years"](http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf)(PDF), _2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp._, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Lecture{{Citation
| last = Habicht
| first = Christian
| contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers
| year = 1988
| title = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World
| publisher = Princeton University
| page=14
}}Habicht, Christian (1988), "Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers", _David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World_, Princeton University, p.14
### Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-30 "Edit section's source code: Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles")]
Manuscript published in an edited compilation{{Citation
| last = Bidamon
| first = Emma Smith
| author-link = Emma Hale Smith
| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date = March 27, 1876
| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}[Bidamon, Emma Smith](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Emma_Hale_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1 "Emma Hale Smith (page does not exist)") (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan (ed.), _Early Mormon Documents_, vol.1, Signature Books (published 1996), [ISBN](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISBN (identifier) (page does not exist)")[1-56085-072-8](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56085-072-8 "Special:BookSources/1-56085-072-8")`{{citation}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date "Help:CS1 errors"))
Work with an editor but no author{{Citation
| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996), _Early Mormon Documents_, vol.1, Signature Books, [ISBN](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISBN (identifier) (page does not exist)")[1-56085-072-8](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56085-072-8 "Special:BookSources/1-56085-072-8")
Encyclopedia article by a named author{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| year=1999
| title = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| location = London
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}[Kramer, Martin](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Martin_Kramer&action=edit&redlink=1 "Martin Kramer (page does not exist)") (1999), ["Bernard Lewis"](http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm), in Boyd, Kelley (ed.), _Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing_, vol.1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp.719–720
Encyclopedia article with no named author{{Citation
| title = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| year = 1999
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| location = London
| url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999), ["Bernard Lewis"](http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm), _Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing_, vol.1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp.719–720
### Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-31 "Edit section's source code: Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article")]
Manuscript edited and published in a journal{{Citation
| last = Knight
| first = Joseph Sr.
| year = 1833
| editor-last = Jessee
| editor-first = Dean
| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 17
| issue = 1
| publication-date = 1976
| page = 35
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}Knight, Joseph Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean (ed.), ["Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History"](https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf)(PDF), _BYU Studies_, **17** (1) (published 1976): 35
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.{{Citation
| last = Klingensmith
| first = Philip
| type = Affidavit
| date = September 5, 1872
| place = Lincoln County, Nevada
| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last = Toohy
| editor-first = Dennis J.
| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date = September 24, 1872
| publication-place = Corinne, Utah
| volume = 5
| issue = 252
| page = 1
| url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), written at Lincoln County, Nevada, Toohy, Dennis J. (ed.), ["Mountain Meadows Massacre"](http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359), _Corinne Daily Reporter_ (Affidavit), **5** (252), Corinne, Utah (published September 24, 1872): 1
### Press release[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-32 "Edit section's source code: Press release")]
Press release with quotation{{Citation
| url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html
| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day
| publisher = Apple Inc
| access-date = April 10, 2010
| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3
| ref = none}}[_Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day_](https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html), Apple Inc, retrieved April 10, 2010, in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3
## Anchored citations[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-33 "Edit section's source code: Anchored citations")]
Not to be confused with [§Identifiers](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#Identifiers).
This template can generate a citation that can be combined with [shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:CITESHORT&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:CITESHORT (page does not exist)") or [parenthetical referencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthetical_referencing "wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing"). It does this by creating an [HTML anchor](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=HTML_element&action=edit&redlink=1 "HTML element (page does not exist)") containing an ID. The special parameter `|ref=` generates an anchor ID suitable for [Harvard referencing](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Harvard_referencing&action=edit&redlink=1 "Harvard referencing (page does not exist)") templates such as {{[harv](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harv "Template:Harv")}} as specified in the next section; an anchor ID is generated by default.
To disable anchor generation, specify `|ref=none`. You can also specify the ID directly, using the `|ref=ID` parameter. For example, suppose an article's _References_ section contains the markup:
* `{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |date=1930 |ref=CivDis}}`
which generates the citation:
* Sigmund Freud (1930), _Civilization and Its Discontents_
Then, the markup "`([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])`" generates a parenthetical reference "([Freud 1930](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#CivDis))" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).
### Anchors for Harvard referencing templates[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-34 "Edit section's source code: Anchors for Harvard referencing templates")]
IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{[harv](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harv "Template:Harv")}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "`{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}`" generates the Harvard reference "([Wright & Evans 1851](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#CITEREFWrightEvans1851), p.ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:
* `{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |date=1851 |oclc=59510372}}`
* Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (1851), _Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray_, London: Henry G. Bohn, [OCLC](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "OCLC (identifier) (page does not exist)")[59510372](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59510372)
In this example the {{[citation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation)}} template defines, and the {{[harv](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harv "Template:Harv")}} template uses, the HTML ID "`CITEREFWrightEvans1851`", composed by concatenating the string "`CITEREF`" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{[harvid](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harvid "Template:Harvid")}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, `{{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}` generates "`CITEREFWrightEvans1851`".
Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{[harvnb](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harvnb "Template:Harvnb")}} template enclosed in the [{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}]` or `{{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}` both of which generate a footnote, such as
17. [Wright & Evans 1851](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#CITEREFWrightEvans1851), p.ix
The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead.
Last names are used, as specified by the parameters `|last1=` (or `|last=`), `|last2=`, `|last3=`, and `|last4=`, and similarly for `|editor1-last=` etc. and for `|inventor1-last=` etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "`{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=The Ego and the Id |date=1923}}`" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "`{{harv|Freud|1923}}`". To make these {{[citation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation)}} and {{[harv](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harv "Template:Harv")}} invocations compatible, either replace "`|author=Sigmund Freud`" with "`|first=Sigmund``|last=Freud`", or add "`|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}`" to the {{[citation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation)}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "`|ref=EgoId`") to both the {{[citation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation)}} and the {{[harv](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harv "Template:Harv")}} invocations.
Similarly, the year is used, as specified by `|year=`. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from `|date=` (or, if no date is given, from `|publication-date=`) by applying the [MediaWiki §Time function](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time "mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions"). This heuristic works with most common date formats (American, International and [ISO 8601 standard format](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ISO_8601&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISO 8601 (page does not exist)") YYYY-MM-DD as listed in [WP:MOS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:MOS&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:MOS (page does not exist)")), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use `|year=`.
### IDs must be unique[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-35 "Edit section's source code: IDs must be unique")]
Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{[harv](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Harv "Template:Harv")}}-compatible IDs:
* Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (2008a), ["Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income"](http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/121/4/e821), _Pediatrics_, **121** (4): e821 –e826, [doi](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Doi (identifier) (page does not exist)"):[10.1542/peds.2007-1594](https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2007-1594), [PMID](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "PMID (identifier) (page does not exist)")[18381511](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18381511)
* Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (2008b), ["Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States"](http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/122/1/e202), _Pediatrics_, **122** (1): e202 –e208, [doi](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Doi (identifier) (page does not exist)"):[10.1542/peds.2007-3037](https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2007-3037), [PMID](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1 "PMID (identifier) (page does not exist)")[18595965](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18595965)
If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "`CITEREFMontesHalterman2008`". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "`|date=2008a`" and "`|date=2008b`", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the [W3C Markup Validation Service](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=W3C_Markup_Validation_Service&action=edit&redlink=1 "W3C Markup Validation Service (page does not exist)"); see _[External links](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#External\_links)_.
## Dates[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-36 "Edit section's source code: Dates")]
1. [↑](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_ref-dates_1-0 "Jump up")The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
* _2009_
* _2009-09-14_ ([ISO 8601 standard format](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=ISO_8601&action=edit&redlink=1 "ISO 8601 (page does not exist)"): YYYY-MM-DD)
* _14 September 2009_
* _September 14, 2009_ (with comma)
* _September 2009_
Dates should not be linked (say, to a Wikipedia article of the same name) in references. Please see [Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) §Dates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_of_Style_(dates_and_numbers)#Dates "wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)") for more guidance about formatting dates.
## Tools[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-37 "Edit section's source code: Tools")]
See [Wikipedia:Citing sources §Citation templates and tools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources#Citation_templates_and_tools "wikipedia:Citing sources") for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.
## TemplateData[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-38 "Edit section's source code: TemplateData")]
This is the [TemplateData](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TemplateData "wikipedia:TemplateData") for this template used by [TemplateWizard](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TemplateWizard "mw:Extension:TemplateWizard"), [VisualEditor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisualEditor "wikipedia:VisualEditor") and other tools. [See a monthly parameter usage report](https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template=Citation) for [Template:Citation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation) in articles based on its TemplateData.
**TemplateData for Citation**
[Template:Citation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation) uses standard parameter set; TemplateData has errors:
* |people= is not a valid parameter
The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.
Template parameters[[Edit template data](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit&templatedata=edit "Template:Citation/doc")]
This template has custom formatting.
| Parameter | Description | Type | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Last name | `last``last1``author``author1``author1-last``author-last``surname1``author-last1``subject1``surname``host``subject` | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead | Line | suggested |
| First name | `first``given``author-first``first1``given1``author-first1``author1-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead | Line | suggested |
| Title of source | `title` | Title of source. Works display in italics and articles surrounded in quotation marks. | String | required |
| Title link | `title-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. | Page name | optional |
| Vancouver style author list | `vauthors` | If using Vancouver style, comma separated list of author names; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses Example Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation)) | String | optional |
| Collaboration | `collaboration` | Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors which list one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends 'et al.' to author name-list. | String | optional |
| Date of source | `date` | Full date of source being referenced; do not wikilink; use YYYY-MM-DD or other acceptable formats | Date | suggested |
| Work | `work``journal``website``newspaper``magazine``periodical` | Name of the work in which the cited title is found | String | suggested |
| Interviewer | `interviewer` | Full name of interviewer(s); separate interviewers with a semicolon (;); wikilink as desired. | String | optional |
| Volume | `volume` | For one publication published in several volumes | Line | suggested |
| Issue | `issue``number` | Issue number | String | suggested |
| In-source location: Minutes | `minutes` | Time the event occurs in an audio or visual source; followed by "minutes in". | Number | optional |
| In-source location: Time | `time` | Time the event occurs in an audio or visual source; preceded by default text "Event occurs at time". | String | optional |
| In-source location: Time caption | `time-caption` | Changes the default text displayed before time | String | optional |
| Page | `page` | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | Line | optional |
| Pages | `pages` | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.' | Line | suggested |
| Publication date | `publication-date` | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis. | String | optional |
| Date format | `df` | Sets rendered dates to the specified format | String | optional |
| Year of publication | `year` | Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed | Number | optional |
| Postscript | `postscript` | Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined. | String | optional |
| Editor last name | `editor-last``editor``editor-surname``editor-last1``editor-surname1``editor1``editor1-last``editor1-surname` | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link' | String | optional |
| Editor first name | `editor-first``editor-first1``editor-given``editor-given1``editor1-first``editor1-given` | The given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link' | String | optional |
| Link for editor | `editor-link``editor1-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for editor | `editor-mask` | Replaces the name of the editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Author mask | `author-mask` | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way. | String | optional |
| Author mask 2 | `author-mask2``author2-mask` | Replaces the name of the second author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Author mask 3 | `author-mask3``author3-mask` | Replaces the name of the third author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Author mask 4 | `author-mask4``author4-mask` | Replaces the name of the fourth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Author mask 5 | `author-mask5``author5-mask` | Replaces the name of the fifth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Author mask 6 | `author-mask6``author6-mask` | Replaces the name of the sixth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Author mask 7 | `author-mask7``author7-mask` | Replaces the name of the seventh author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Author mask 8 | `author-mask8``author8-mask` | Replaces the name of the eighth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Author mask 9 | `author-mask9``author9-mask` | Replaces the name of the ninth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Display Editors | `display-editors` | Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al. | String | optional |
| Original date | `orig-date` | Original date of publication; provide specifics | String | optional |
| Last name of second editor | `editor-last2``editor-surname2``editor2``editor2-last``editor2-surname` | The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link' | String | optional |
| First name of second editor | `editor-first2``editor-given2``editor2-first``editor2-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link' | String | optional |
| Link for second editor | `editor-link2``editor2-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for second editor | `editor-mask2``editor2-mask` | Replaces the name of the second editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Last name of third editor | `editor-last3``editor-surname3``editor3``editor3-last``editor3-surname` | The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link' | String | optional |
| First name of third editor | `editor-first3``editor-given3``editor3-first``editor3-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link' | String | optional |
| Link for third editor | `editor-link3``editor3-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for third editor | `editor-mask3``editor3-mask` | Replaces the name of the third editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Last name of fourth editor | `editor-last4``editor-surname4``editor4``editor4-last``editor4-surname` | The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link' | String | optional |
| First name of fourth editor | `editor-first4``editor-given4``editor4-first``editor4-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link' | String | optional |
| Link for fourth editor | `editor-link4``editor4-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for fourth editor | `editor-mask4``editor4-mask` | Replaces the name of the fourth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Last name of fifth editor | `editor-last5``editor-surname5``editor5``editor5-last``editor5-surname` | The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link' | String | optional |
| First name of fifth editor | `editor-first5``editor-given5``editor5-first``editor5-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link' | String | optional |
| Link for fifth editor | `editor-link5``editor5-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for fifth editor | `editor-mask5``editor5-mask` | Replaces the name of the fifth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Last name of sixth editor | `editor-last6``editor-surname6``editor6``editor6-last``editor6-surname` | The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link' | String | optional |
| First name of sixth editor | `editor-first6``editor-given6``editor6-first``editor6-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link' | String | optional |
| Link for sixth editor | `editor-link6``editor6-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for sixth editor | `editor-mask6``editor6-mask` | Replaces the name of the sixth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Last name of seventh editor | `editor-last7``editor-surname7``editor7``editor7-last``editor7-surname` | The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link' | String | optional |
| First name of seventh editor | `editor-first7``editor-given7``editor7-first``editor7-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link' | String | optional |
| Link for seventh editor | `editor-link7``editor7-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for seventh editor | `editor-mask7``editor7-mask` | Replaces the name of the seventh editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Last name of eighth editor | `editor-last8``editor-surname8``editor8``editor8-last``editor8-surname` | The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link' | String | optional |
| First name of eighth editor | `editor-first8``editor-given8``editor8-first``editor8-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link' | String | optional |
| Link for eighth editor | `editor-link8``editor8-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for eighth editor | `editor-mask8``editor8-mask` | Replaces the name of the eighth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Last name of ninth editor | `editor-last9``editor-surname9``editor9``editor9-last``editor9-surname` | The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link' | String | optional |
| First name of ninth editor | `editor-first9``editor-given9``editor9-first``editor9-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link' | String | optional |
| Link for ninth editor | `editor-link9``editor9-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor | Page name | optional |
| Mask for ninth editor | `editor-mask9``editor9-mask` | Replaces the name of the ninth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Translated title | `trans-title` | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | String | optional |
| Script Title | `script-title` | Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script Example ja:東京タワー | String | optional |
| Translated chapter title | `trans-chapter` | An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | String | optional |
| Type | `type` | Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case | String | optional |
| URL of source | `url` | URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. | URL | suggested |
| URL access date | `access-date` | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | Date | optional |
| Archive URL | `archive-url` | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date' | URL | suggested |
| Archive date | `archive-date` | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | Date | suggested |
| Archive Format | `archive-format` | Format of the Archive | Unknown | optional |
| URL status | `url-status` | The status of the URL- live, dead, usurped/unfit (inappropriate content) or deviated (different content) Suggested values`live``dead``usurped``unfit``deviated` | Unknown | suggested |
| Series | `series``version` | Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version' | String | optional |
| At | `at` | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | Line | optional |
| No pp | `no-pp` | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') | Line | optional |
| Chapter | `chapter``contribution``entry``article``section` | The chapter heading of the source. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last | String | optional |
| Script Chapter | `script-chapter` | Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script Example ja:東京タワー | String | optional |
| Chapter URL | `chapter-url``contribution-url``section-url` | The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found | URL | optional |
| Format of Chapter URL | `chapter-format``contribution-format``section-format` | Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Example PDF, DOC, or XLS | String | optional |
| Others | `others` | Free-text field for people involved in creating a work who cannot be added with another name parameter such as author or editor | String | optional |
| Vancouver style editor list | `veditors` | Comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses Example Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation)) | String | optional |
| Edition | `edition` | When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.' | Line | optional |
| Location of publication | `place``location` | Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked | String | suggested |
| Place of publication | `publication-place` | Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' | String | optional |
| Publisher | `publisher``institution` | Name of the publisher; displays after title | String | suggested |
| Language | `language` | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name; do not use icons or templates | String | optional |
| Format | `format` | Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | String | optional |
| arXiv identifier | `arxiv` | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | Line | optional |
| ASIN | `asin``ASIN` | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | Line | optional |
| ASIN TLD | `asin-tld` | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | Line | optional |
| Bibcode | `bibcode` | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | Line | optional |
| biorXiv | `biorxiv` | biorXiv identifier; 6 digits | Line | optional |
| CiteSeerX | `citeseerx` | CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter | Line | optional |
| DOI | `doi``DOI` | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | String | optional |
| DOI broken date | `doi-broken-date` | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken | Date | optional |
| ISBN | `isbn` | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | Line | optional |
| ISSN | `issn` | International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen | Line | optional |
| eISSN | `eissn` | International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen | Line | optional |
| Handle System identifier | `hdl``HDL` | Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet | String | optional |
| jfm code | `jfm` | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | Line | optional |
| JSTOR | `jstor` | JSTOR identifier | Line | optional |
| LCCN | `lccn` | Library of Congress Control Number | Line | optional |
| MR | `mr` | Mathematical Reviews identifier | Line | optional |
| OCLC | `oclc` | Online Computer Library Center number | Number | optional |
| OL | `ol` | Open Library identifier | Line | optional |
| OSTI | `osti` | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | Line | optional |
| PMC | `pmc` | PubMed Center article number | Number | optional |
| PMID | `pmid` | PubMed Unique Identifier | Line | optional |
| Semantic Scholar Corpus ID | `s2cid``S2CID` | The Corpus identifier in Semantic Scholar. Displays as a link to the Semantic Scholar page. Example 84541141 | Unknown | optional |
| RFC | `rfc` | Request for Comments number | Number | optional |
| SSRN | `ssrn` | Social Science Research Network | Line | optional |
| Zbl | `zbl` | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | Line | optional |
| id | `id` | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | Line | optional |
| Quote | `quote` | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation | Content | optional |
| Ref | `ref` | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates | Line | optional |
| Name list style | `name-list-style` | Sets the style for the list. Accepts 'amp', 'and', and 'vanc'. amp displays an ampersand after the penultimate name; and the same with 'and', and vanc displays in Vancouver format | String | optional |
| Display authors | `display-authors` | number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; must be less than the number listed | Number | optional |
| Last name 2 | `last2``author2``surname2``author-last2``author2-last``subject2` | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2' instead. | Line | optional |
| First name 2 | `first2``given2``author-first2``author2-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Last name 3 | `last3``author3``surname3``author-last3``author3-last``subject3` | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3' instead. | Line | optional |
| First name 3 | `first3``given3``author-first3``author3-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Last name 4 | `last4``author4``surname4``author-last4``author4-last``subject4` | The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4' instead. | Line | optional |
| First name 4 | `first4``given4``author-first4``author4-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Last name 5 | `last5``author5``surname5` | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5' instead. | Line | optional |
| First name 5 | `first5``given5` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Last name 6 | `last6``author6``surname6` | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6' instead. | Line | optional |
| First name 6 | `first6` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Last name 7 | `last7``author7``surname7` | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7' instead. | Line | optional |
| First name 7 | `first7``given7` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Last name 8 | `last8``author8``surname8` | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8' instead. | Line | optional |
| First name 8 | `first8``given8` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Last name 9 | `last9``author9``surname9` | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9' instead. | Line | optional |
| First name 9 | `first9``given9` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | `author-link``author-link1``author1-link``subject-link``subject-link1``subject1-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author | Page name | optional |
| Author link 2 | `author-link2``author2-link``subject-link2``subject2-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | Page name | optional |
| Author link 3 | `author-link3``author3-link``subject-link3``subject3-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | Page name | optional |
| Author link 4 | `author-link4``author4-link``subject-link4``subject4-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. | Page name | optional |
| Author link 5 | `author-link5``author5-link``subject-link5``subject5-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | Page name | optional |
| Author link 6 | `author-link6``author6-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | Page name | optional |
| Author link 7 | `author-link7``author7-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | Page name | optional |
| Author link 8 | `author-link8``author8-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | Page name | optional |
| Author link 9 | `author-link9``author9-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | Page name | optional |
| Editor last name 2 | `editor2-last``editor2` | The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. | Line | optional |
| Editor first name 2 | `editor2-first``editor2-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Editor last name 3 | `editor3-last``editor3` | The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. | Line | optional |
| Editor first name 3 | `editor3-first``editor3-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Editor last name 4 | `editor4-last``editor4` | The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. | Line | optional |
| Editor first name 4 | `editor4-first``editor4-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Editor last name 5 | `editor5-last``editor5` | The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. | Line | optional |
| Editor first name 5 | `editor5-first``editor5-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Editor last name 6 | `editor6-last``editor6` | The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. | Line | optional |
| Editor first name 6 | `editor6-first``editor6-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Editor last name 7 | `editor7-last``editor7` | The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. | Line | optional |
| Editor first name 7 | `editor7-first``editor7-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Editor last name 8 | `editor8-last``editor8` | The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. | Line | optional |
| Editor first name 8 | `editor8-first``editor8-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Editor last name 9 | `editor9-last``editor9` | The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. | Line | optional |
| Editor first name 9 | `editor9-first``editor9-given` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| editor2-link | `editor2-link` | no description | String | optional |
| editor3-link | `editor3-link` | no description | String | optional |
| editor4-link | `editor4-link` | no description | String | optional |
| Translator last name | `translator-last``translator``translator-last1``translator1``translator1-last` | The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name | `translator-first``translator1-first``translator-first1` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator link | `translator-link``translator-link1``translator1-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator. | Page name | optional |
| Translator last name 2 | `translator-last2``translator2``translator2-last` | The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name 2 | `translator-first2``translator2-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator last name 3 | `translator-last3``translator3``translator3-last` | The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name 3 | `translator-first3``translator3-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator last name 4 | `translator-last4``translator4``translator4-last` | The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name 4 | `translator-first4``translator4-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator last name 5 | `translator-last5``translator5``translator5-last` | The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name 5 | `translator-first5``translator5-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator last name 6 | `translator-last6``translator6``translator6-last` | The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name 6 | `translator-first6``translator6-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator last name 7 | `translator-last7``translator7``translator7-last` | The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name 7 | `translator-first7``translator7-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator last name 8 | `translator-last8``translator8``translator8-last` | The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name 8 | `translator-first8``translator8-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator last name 9 | `translator-last9``translator9``translator9-last` | The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator first name 9 | `translator-first9``translator9-first` | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | String | optional |
| Translator link 2 | `translator-link2``translator2-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator. | Page name | optional |
| Translator link 3 | `translator-link3``translator3-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator. | Page name | optional |
| Translator link 4 | `translator-link4``translator4-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator. | Page name | optional |
| Translator link 5 | `translator-link5``translator5-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator. | Page name | optional |
| Translator link 6 | `translator-link6``translator6-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator. | Page name | optional |
| Translator link 7 | `translator-link7``translator7-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator. | Page name | optional |
| Translator link 8 | `translator-link8``translator8-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator. | Page name | optional |
| Translator link 9 | `translator-link9``translator9-link` | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator. | Page name | optional |
| URL access level | `url-access` | no description Suggested values`registration``limited``subscription` | Unknown | optional |
| DOI access level | `doi-access` | Requires DOI value. Suggested values`free` | Unknown | optional |
| via | `via` | Aggregate or database provider, when different from the Publisher. Example[[Open Edition]], [[JSTOR]] | String | optional |
| Bibcode access level | `bibcode-access` | If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. Suggested values`free` | Unknown | optional |
| Jstor access level | `jstor-access` | If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. Auto value`free` | String | optional |
| Semantic Scholar Corpus ID (s2cid) Access Level | `s2cid-access` | no description Suggested values`free` | Unknown | optional |
| Agency | `agency` | The agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse | String | optional |
| Department | `department` | Department or column within a periodical. | Unknown | optional |
| Citation Style | `mode` | Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use the postscript parameter. Suggested values`cs1``cs2`Default cs2 | String | optional |
| HDL access level | `hdl-access` | If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. Suggested values`free` | String | optional |
| ISMN | `ismn``ISMN` | International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Example 979-0-9016791-7-7 | String | optional |
| People | `people` | Names of the authors | String | optional |
_This template produces [COinS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=W:COinS&action=edit&redlink=1 "W:COinS (page does not exist)") metadata; see [COinS in Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COinS "wikipedia:COinS") for background information._
## See also[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-39 "Edit section's source code: See also")]
* [Wikipedia:Citation templates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_templates "wikipedia:Citation templates")
* [Wikipedia:Inline citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline_citation "wikipedia:Inline citation")
* [Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthetical_referencing "wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing")
* For a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand, see [Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods §Footnotes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources/Example_edits_for_different_methods#Footnotes "wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods")
## Notes[[edit source](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&action=edit§ion=T-40 "Edit section's source code: Notes")]
1. [↑](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_ref-wikilink_4-0 "Jump up")The [pipe trick does not work inside references](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Pipe_trick&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Pipe trick (page does not exist)"), so be sure to insert a full wikilink.
2. [↑](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation#cite_ref-5 "Jump up")Compare [archived talk page](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_36&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 36 (page does not exist)").
| Collapse * [v](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing "Template:Wikipedia referencing") * [t](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Wikipedia_referencing&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template talk:Wikipedia referencing (page does not exist)") * [e](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_referencing "Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia referencing") [Wikipedia referencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verifiability "wikipedia:Verifiability") |
| --- |
| Policies and guidelines | * [Verifiability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verifiability "wikipedia:Verifiability") * [No original research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_original_research "wikipedia:No original research") * [Biographies of living persons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographies_of_living_persons "wikipedia:Biographies of living persons") * [Reliable sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_sources "wikipedia:Reliable sources") * [Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine) "wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)") * [Citing sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources "wikipedia:Citing sources") * [Scientific citations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_citation_guidelines "wikipedia:Scientific citation guidelines") |
| General advice | * [Citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_needed "wikipedia:Citation needed") * [Combining sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_sources "wikipedia:Combining sources") * [Offline sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offline_sources "wikipedia:Offline sources") * [Referencing styles](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Overview_of_referencing_styles&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Overview of referencing styles (page does not exist)") |
| [Citing sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_sources "wikipedia:Citing sources") | * [Citation Style 1](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") * [Citation Style 2](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 2 (page does not exist)") * [Bluebook](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Bluebook_style_citation_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Bluebook style citation templates (page does not exist)") * [Comics](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Comics_citation_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Comics citation templates (page does not exist)") * [Citation templates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_templates "wikipedia:Citation templates") |
| [Inline citations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline_citation "wikipedia:Inline citation") | * [Footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Footnotes (page does not exist)") * [Punctuation and footnotes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_of_Style#Punctuation_and_footnotes "wikipedia:Manual of Style") * [Shortened footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Shortened footnotes (page does not exist)") * [Nesting footnotes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesting_footnotes "wikipedia:Nesting footnotes") |
| [Help for beginners](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Referencing_for_beginners&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Referencing for beginners (page does not exist)") | * [Reference-tags](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Reftags&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Reftags (page does not exist)") * [Citations quick reference](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citations_quick_reference&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citations quick reference (page does not exist)") * [Introduction to referencing](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1 (page does not exist)") * [Referencing with citation templates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Referencing_for_beginners_with_citation_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates (page does not exist)") * [Referencing without using templates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Referencing_for_beginners_without_using_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates (page does not exist)") * [Referencing dos and don'ts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/References_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:References dos and don'ts") * [Citing Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citing_Wikipedia "wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia") |
| Advanced help | * [Cite link labels](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Cite_link_labels&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Cite link labels (page does not exist)") * [Cite errors](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Cite_errors&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Cite errors (page does not exist)") * [Citation merging (bundling)](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_merging&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation merging (page does not exist)") * [Cite messages](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Cite_messages&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Cite messages (page does not exist)") * [Converting between references formats](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Converting_between_references_formats&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Converting between references formats (page does not exist)") * [Reference display customization](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Reference_display_customization&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Reference display customization (page does not exist)") * [References and page numbers](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:References_and_page_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:References and page numbers (page does not exist)") * [Guidance on source reviewing at FAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidance_on_source_reviewing_at_FAC "wikipedia:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC") * [Cite extension documentation](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite "mw:Help:Cite") |
| [Footnote templates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Footnote_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Footnote templates (page does not exist)") | * [Citation Style documentation](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation "Template:Citation Style documentation") * [Multiple references](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Multiple_references&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Multiple references (page does not exist)") * {{[Reflist](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Reflist "Template:Reflist")}} * {{[Refbegin](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Refbegin&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Refbegin (page does not exist)")}} |
| [Find references](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Find_sources&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Find sources (page does not exist)") | * [How to find sources](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:FIND&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:FIND (page does not exist)") * [Bibliographies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bibliographies "wikipedia:List of bibliographies") * [Wikipedia Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library "wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library") * [Resource Exchange](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request (page does not exist)") * [Reference Desk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_desk "wikipedia:Reference desk") * [Book Sources](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=WP:Book_sources&action=edit&redlink=1 "WP:Book sources (page does not exist)") * [Free newspaper sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_English_newspaper_sources "wikipedia:Free English newspaper sources") |
| [Citation tools](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_tools&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation tools (page does not exist)") (External links) | * [Citer](https://citer.toolforge.org/) * [Biomedical cite](http://sumsearch.org/cite/) * [Citation bot](https://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/) * [MakeRef](https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/) * [Refill](https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/) * [WayBack](https://archive.org/) * [OABot](https://iw.toolforge.org/oabot/) |
| Expand * [v](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages "Template:Wikipedia help pages") * [t](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template talk:Wikipedia help pages (page does not exist)") * [e](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages "Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages") [Wikipedia help pages](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Directory&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Directory (page does not exist)") |
| --- |
| * **Visit the _[Teahouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahouse "wikipedia:Teahouse")_ or the _[Help desk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help\_desk "wikipedia:Help desk")_ for an interactive Q & A forum.** * * * * **[FAQs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAQ "wikipedia:FAQ")****(?)** * **[Reference desks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_desk "wikipedia:Reference desk")****(?)** * **[Noticeboards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noticeboards "wikipedia:Noticeboards")****(?)** * **[Cheatsheet](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Cheatsheet&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Cheatsheet (page does not exist)")****(?)** * **[Directories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directories_and_indexes "wikipedia:Directories and indexes")****(?)** * **[Village pumps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village_pump "wikipedia:Village pump")**(?) |
| [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About "wikipedia:About")(?) | * [Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration "wikipedia:Administration") * [Purpose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpose "wikipedia:Purpose") * [Principles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_pillars "wikipedia:Five pillars") * [Policies and guidelines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policies_and_guidelines "wikipedia:Policies and guidelines") * [What Wikipedia is not](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Wikipedia_is_not "wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not") * [Disclaimer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_disclaimer "wikipedia:General disclaimer")([parental advice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advice_for_parents "wikipedia:Advice for parents")) * [Making requests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_directory "wikipedia:Request directory") * [Who writes Wikipedia?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F "wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?") |
| [Help for readers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia "wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia")(?) | * [FAQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAQ/Readers "wikipedia:FAQ/Readers") * [Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_book_creator_status "wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status") * [Copyright](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Copyright&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Copyright (page does not exist)") * [Glossary](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Glossary&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Glossary (page does not exist)") * [Mobile access](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Mobile_access&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Mobile access (page does not exist)") * [Navigation](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Navigation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Navigation (page does not exist)") * [Other languages](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Other_languages&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Other languages (page does not exist)") * [Searching](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Searching&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Searching (page does not exist)") * [Students](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Student_help&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Student help (page does not exist)") * [Viewing media](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Viewing_media&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Viewing media (page does not exist)") |
| [Contributing to Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributing_to_Wikipedia "wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia")(?) | * [Advice for young editors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidance_for_younger_editors "wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors") * [Avoiding common mistakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoiding_common_mistakes "wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes") * [Etiquette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiquette "wikipedia:Etiquette") * [Simplified Manual of Style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Manual_of_Style "wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style") * [Simplified rule-set](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_ruleset "wikipedia:Simplified ruleset") * ["Ignore all rules"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignore_all_rules "wikipedia:Ignore all rules") * ["The rules are principles"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_rules_are_principles "wikipedia:The rules are principles") * [Style-tips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styletips "wikipedia:Styletips") * [Tip of the day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip_of_the_day "wikipedia:Tip of the day") * [Your first article](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Your_first_article&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Your first article (page does not exist)")([article wizard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_wizard "wikipedia:Article wizard")) |
| [Getting started](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Getting_started&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Getting started (page does not exist)")(?) | * [Why create an account?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_create_an_account%3F "wikipedia:Why create an account?") * [Introductions by topic](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Introduction&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Introduction (page does not exist)") * [Graphics tutorials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_tutorials "wikipedia:Graphics tutorials") * [Picture tutorial](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Pictures&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Pictures (page does not exist)") * [IRC (live chat) tutorial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC/Tutorial "wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial") * [VisualEditor user guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisualEditor/User_guide "wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide") |
| [Dos and don'ts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Dos and don'ts")(?) | * [Accessibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts") * [Biographies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biography_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts") * [Biographies (living)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts") * [Categorization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts") * [Consensus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts") * [Discussions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts") * [Disambiguation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts") * [Images](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts") * [Leads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts") * [Links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linking_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts") * [Lists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:List dos and don'ts") * [References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/References_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:References dos and don'ts") * [Tables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts") * [Titles (of articles)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts "wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts") |
| [How-to pages](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_how-to&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Wikipedia how-to (page does not exist)") and [information pages](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_information_pages&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Wikipedia information pages (page does not exist)")(?) | * [Appealing blocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_to_appealing_blocks "wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks") * [Article deletion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_to_deletion "wikipedia:Guide to deletion") * [Categories](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Category (page does not exist)") * [Citations/references](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citations_quick_reference&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citations quick reference (page does not exist)") * [Referencing for beginners](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Referencing_for_beginners&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Referencing for beginners (page does not exist)") * [Citation Style 1](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Citation Style 1 (page does not exist)") * [Cite errors](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Cite_errors&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Cite errors (page does not exist)") * [References and page numbers](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:References_and_page_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:References and page numbers (page does not exist)") * [Convert](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Convert&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Convert (page does not exist)") * [Diff](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Diff&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Diff (page does not exist)") * [Editing](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Editing&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Editing (page does not exist)") * [Minor edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Minor_edit&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Minor edit (page does not exist)") * [toolbar](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Edit_toolbar&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Edit toolbar (page does not exist)") * [edit conflict](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Edit_conflict&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Edit conflict (page does not exist)") * [Find sources](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Find_sources&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Find sources (page does not exist)") * [Files](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Files&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Files (page does not exist)") * [Footnotes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Footnotes (page does not exist)") * [Image deletion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_to_image_deletion "wikipedia:Guide to image deletion") * [Infoboxes](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Infobox&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Infobox (page does not exist)") * [Linking](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Link&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Link (page does not exist)")([link color](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Link_color&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Link color (page does not exist)")) * [Logging in](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Logging_in&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Logging in (page does not exist)") * [Merging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merging "wikipedia:Merging") * [New page review](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Unreviewed_new_page&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Unreviewed new page (page does not exist)") * [Page name](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Page_name&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Page name (page does not exist)") * [Renaming pages](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:How_to_move_a_page&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:How to move a page (page does not exist)") * [Redirect](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Redirect&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Redirect (page does not exist)") * [Passwords](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Reset_password&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Reset password (page does not exist)") * [Email confirmation](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Email_confirmation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Email confirmation (page does not exist)") * [Reverting](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Reverting&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Reverting (page does not exist)") * [Simple vandalism cleanup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup (page does not exist)") * [Talk pages](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Talk_pages&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Talk pages (page does not exist)")([archiving](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Archiving_a_talk_page&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Archiving a talk page (page does not exist)") * [simple archiving](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Archiving (plain and simple) (page does not exist)")) * [User contributions](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:User_contributions&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:User contributions (page does not exist)") * [WP search protocol](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:WP_search_protocol&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:WP search protocol (page does not exist)") |
| [Coding](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Wiki_markup&action=edit&redlink=1 "Wiki markup (page does not exist)")(?) | * [Wiki markup](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Wikitext&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Wikitext (page does not exist)") * [Barcharts](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Barchart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Barchart (page does not exist)") * [Calculations](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Calculation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Calculation (page does not exist)") * [Characters](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Special_characters&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Special characters (page does not exist)") * [Columns](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Columns&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Columns (page does not exist)") * [Elevation](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Elevation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Elevation (page does not exist)") * [Hidden text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text "wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text") * [HTML](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:HTML_in_wikitext&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:HTML in wikitext (page does not exist)") * [Lists](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:List&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:List (page does not exist)") * [Magic words](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Magic_words&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Magic words (page does not exist)") * [Music symbols](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Musical_symbols&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Musical symbols (page does not exist)") * [Sections](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Section&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Section (page does not exist)") * [Sounds](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Sound_file_markup&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Sound file markup (page does not exist)") * [Tables](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Table&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Table (page does not exist)") * [Templates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Template&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Template (page does not exist)") * [Transclusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transclusion "wikipedia:Transclusion") * [URL](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:URL&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:URL (page does not exist)") * [Visual files](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Visual_file_markup&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Visual file markup (page does not exist)") |
| [Directories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directories_and_indexes "wikipedia:Directories and indexes")(?) | * [Abbreviations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_abbreviations "wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations") * [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contents "wikipedia:Contents")(Encyclopedia proper) * [Departments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_directory "wikipedia:Department directory") * [Editor's index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia "wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia") * [Essays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essay_directory "wikipedia:Essay directory") * [FAQs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAQ/Index "wikipedia:FAQ/Index") * [Glossary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary "wikipedia:Glossary") * [Guidelines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_guidelines "wikipedia:List of guidelines") * [Manual of Style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_of_Style/Contents "wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents") * [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_policies "wikipedia:List of policies") * [Tasks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance "wikipedia:Maintenance") * [Tips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tips "wikipedia:Tips") * [Tools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tools "wikipedia:Tools") |
| **[Missing Manual](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual (page does not exist)")** * * * [**Ask for help on your talk page**](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit§ion=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21)**(?)** |
The above [documentation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_documentation "wikipedia:Template documentation") is [transcluded](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Help:Transclusion&action=edit&redlink=1 "Help:Transclusion (page does not exist)") from [Template:Citation/doc](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation/doc "Template:Citation/doc"). ([edit](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Citation/doc "Special:EditPage/Template:Citation/doc") | [history](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:PageHistory/Template:Citation/doc "Special:PageHistory/Template:Citation/doc"))
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox ([create](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/sandbox&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADocumentation%2Fpreload-sandbox) | [mirror](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/sandbox&preload=Template%3ADocumentation%2Fmirror&action=edit&summary=Create+sandbox+version+of+%5B%5BTemplate%3ACitation%5D%5D)) and testcases ([create](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation/testcases&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADocumentation%2Fpreload-testcases)) pages.
Add categories to the [/doc](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Template:Citation/doc "Template:Citation/doc") subpage. [Subpages of this template](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Citation/ "Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Citation/").
Retrieved from "[https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation&oldid=579552](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Template:Citation&oldid=579552)"
[Categories](https://freemwiki.com/wiki/Special:Categories "Special:Categories"):
* [Pages using the JsonConfig extension](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension (page does not exist)")
* [Templates needing substitution checking](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Templates_needing_substitution_checking&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Templates needing substitution checking (page does not exist)")
* [Templates including undated clean-up tags](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Templates_including_undated_clean-up_tags&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Templates including undated clean-up tags (page does not exist)")
* [Templates based on the Citation/CS1 Lua module](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Templates_based_on_the_Citation/CS1_Lua_module&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Templates based on the Citation/CS1 Lua module (page does not exist)")
* [CS1 errors: ISBN date](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:CS1_errors:_ISBN_date&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:CS1 errors: ISBN date (page does not exist)")
* [CS1 location test](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:CS1_location_test&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:CS1 location test (page does not exist)")
* [Templates using TemplateData](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Templates_using_TemplateData&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Templates using TemplateData (page does not exist)")
* [Templates generating COinS](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Templates_generating_COinS&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Templates generating COinS (page does not exist)")
* [Citation Style 2 templates](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Citation_Style_2_templates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Category:Citation Style 2 templates (page does not exist)")
* This page was last edited on 21 October 2025, at 06:18.
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