Title: Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32 - freem

URL Source: https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32

Markdown Content:
_This conversation was exported from ChatGPT_[[1]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-1)

## gpt-5-2-thinking[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: gpt-5-2-thinking")

### User: radiographic findings is[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: User: radiographic findings is")

radiographic findings is consistent with dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI)ممكن تشرح وتنزل وتجيب صور كثيرة

### Assistant:![https://www\.researchgate\.net/profile/Jonny\-Andersson/publication/319937516/figure/fig2/AS%3A540741919559680%4015059…](https://www%5C.researchgate%5C.net/profile/Jonny%5C-Andersson/publication/319937516/figure/fig2/AS%3A540741919559680%4015059%E2%80%A6)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Assistant: !https://www\.researchgate\.net/profile/Jonny\-Andersson/publication/319937516/figure/fig2/AS%3A540741919559680%4015059…")

![https://www\.researchgate\.net/profile/Jonny\-Andersson/publication/319937516/figure/fig2/AS%3A540741919559680%401505934328078/Dorsal\-intercalated\-segment\-instability\-DISI\-with\-a\-scapholunate\-angle\-of\-approximately\_Q640\.jpg](https://www%5C.researchgate%5C.net/profile/Jonny%5C-Andersson/publication/319937516/figure/fig2/AS%3A540741919559680%401505934328078/Dorsal%5C-intercalated%5C-segment%5C-instability%5C-DISI%5C-with%5C-a%5C-scapholunate%5C-angle%5C-of%5C-approximately%5C_Q640%5C.jpg)[[2]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-2) ![https://www\.medical\.theclinics\.com/cms/10\.1016/j\.mcna\.2014\.04\.003/asset/60d34e96\-d732\-48d4\-acd8\-915ab709ac0b/main\.assets/gr8\_lrg\.jpg](https://www%5C.medical%5C.theclinics%5C.com/cms/10%5C.1016/j%5C.mcna%5C.2014%5C.04%5C.003/asset/60d34e96%5C-d732%5C-48d4%5C-acd8%5C-915ab709ac0b/main%5C.assets/gr8%5C_lrg%5C.jpg)[[3]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-3) ![https://data\.pacs\.de/sites/default/files/mirrorimages/media\.springernature\.com/full/springer\-static/image/art%253A10\.1007%252Fs13244\-014\-0337\-1/MediaObjects/13244\_2014\_337\_Fig3\_HTML\.gif](https://data%5C.pacs%5C.de/sites/default/files/mirrorimages/media%5C.springernature%5C.com/full/springer%5C-static/image/art%253A10%5C.1007%252Fs13244%5C-014%5C-0337%5C-1/MediaObjects/13244%5C_2014%5C_337%5C_Fig3%5C_HTML%5C.gif)[[4]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-4) ![https://image\.slidesharecdn\.com/20150914stafflectureupperext\-150913143227\-lva1\-app6891/95/emergency\-radiology\-shoulder\-upper\-extremities\-70\-638\.jpg?cb=1442154947](https://image%5C.slidesharecdn%5C.com/20150914stafflectureupperext%5C-150913143227%5C-lva1%5C-app6891/95/emergency%5C-radiology%5C-shoulder%5C-upper%5C-extremities%5C-70%5C-638%5C.jpg?cb=1442154947)[[5]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-5)

يا محمد، لما يقول لك السؤال: “radiographic findings consistent with DISI” فهو غالبًا يريد منك “تلتقط” ميل الـ lunate للخلف (dorsiflexion) على lateral wrist radiograph وتثبت ذلك بالأرقام والزوايا الكلاسيكية.

#### DISI = Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: DISI = Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability")

*   “Intercalated segment” المقصود بها lunate (تُعتبر قطعة “وسطية” بين radius وcarpus).
*   في DISI: الـ lunate تميل dorsally (extension/dorsiflexion) لأن التوازن الرباطي اتكسر غالبًا بسبب Scapholunate ligament injury → scaphoid يميل للـ flexion بينما lunate تُسحب للـ extension مع triquetrum/capitate.

المسبب الأشهر:

*   Scapholunate ligament injury (خصوصًا بعد FOOSH) وهو المصدر الأكثر كلاسيكية لــ DISI. orthobullets.com[[6]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-6)

#### ###[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: ###")

لازم تكون الصورة true lateral (ده فخ امتحاني: لو الـ lateral غلط الزوايا كلها هتضرب).

1.   Scapholunate angle (SLA) مرتفع

*   الطبيعي تقريبًا 30° إلى 60°.
*   في DISI: غالبًا SLA أكبر من 70° (وهي عبارة امتحانية صريحة جدًا). orthobullets.com[[7]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-7)

1.   Radiolunate angle (RLA) مرتفع

*   في DISI يحدث dorsal tilt of the lunate ويظهر كـ RLA أكبر من 10°. Radiopaedia[[8]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-8)

1.   Capitolunate angle (أو Lunocapitate angle) مرتفع

*   كثير من المراجع تذكر Capitolunate angle أكبر من 30° كداعم قوي للـ DISI. PMC[[9]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-9)

##### 1. Scapholunate gap widening[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: 1. Scapholunate gap widening")

*   “Terry Thomas sign” (زيادة المسافة بين scaphoid وlunate).
*   أحيانًا تحتاج stress views مثل clenched fist view لإظهار الـ widening إذا كانت الإصابة ديناميكية. pubs.rsna.org[[10]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-10)

1.   Scaphoid ring sign

*   نتيجة scaphoid flexion/rotary subluxation (حلقة/دائرة واضحة في scaphoid على PA).

#### - على lateral: - ارسم محور طويل لـ scaphoid ومحور لـ lunate → ده يعطيك Scapholunate angle. - محور radius مع محور lunate → Radiolunate angle. - محور capitate مع محور lunate → Capitolunate angle. الفكرة موجودة بصريًّا في الصور المرفقة في الأعلى (خصوصًا الرسوم التعليمية).[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: - على lateral: - ارسم محور طويل لـ scaphoid ومحور لـ lunate → ده يعطيك Scapholunate angle. - محور radius مع محور lunate → Radiolunate angle. - محور capitate مع محور lunate → Capitolunate angle. الفكرة موجودة بصريًّا في الصور المرفقة في الأعلى (خصوصًا الرسوم التعليمية).")

#### - ليست كل زيادة في SLA = DISI إذا كانت اللقطة ليست true lateral أو كان المعصم في وضع غير neutral. PMC[[11]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-11)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: - ليست كل زيادة في SLA = DISI إذا كانت اللقطة ليست true lateral أو كان المعصم في وضع غير neutral. PMC[11]")

*   DISI قد تكون dynamic: PA طبيعي تقريبًا لكن تظهر بالـ clenched fist أو ulnar deviation stress. pubs.rsna.org[[12]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-12)
*   فرّق بين DISI و VISI: - DISI عادة مع Scapholunate ligament injury - VISI عادة مع Lunotriquetral ligament injury (وهنا lunate تميل volarly). PMC[[13]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-13)

#### الـ DISI المزمنة غالبًا تمشي في مسار SLAC wrist (Scapholunate Advanced Collapse)، ودي فكرة امتحانية شائعة جدًا: إصابة SL → DISI → تغيّرات تنكسية تدريجية. PMC[[14]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-14)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: الـ DISI المزمنة غالبًا تمشي في مسار SLAC wrist (Scapholunate Advanced Collapse)، ودي فكرة امتحانية شائعة جدًا: إصابة SL → DISI → تغيّرات تنكسية تدريجية. PMC[14]")

#### - لو الأشعة مش واضحة والشك عالي: - اعمل stress views (clenched fist). pubs.rsna.org[[15]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-15) - وMRI / MR arthrogram لتقييم Scapholunate ligament خصوصًا في الإصابات الحادة/قبل الجراحة. pubs.rsna.org[[16]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-16)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: - لو الأشعة مش واضحة والشك عالي: - اعمل stress views (clenched fist). pubs.rsna.org[15] - وMRI / MR arthrogram لتقييم Scapholunate ligament خصوصًا في الإصابات الحادة/قبل الجراحة. pubs.rsna.org[16]")

إذا تحب، ابعتلي صورة السؤال/الأشعة اللي عندك (خصوصًا الـ lateral)، وأنا أمشي معك خطوة بخطوة: هل هي true lateral؟ وهل الزوايا داخلة في DISI ولا في perilunate/lunate dislocation (لأن دي برضه أسئلة شائعة وتتلخبط بسهولة).

## gpt-5-2[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: gpt-5-2")

### User: ممكن تعيد بالانجليزي[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: User: ممكن تعيد بالانجليزي")

ممكن تعيد بالانجليزي

### Assistant:![https://prod\-images\-static\.radiopaedia\.org/images/30733038/986af30d0ca20e140b04cf5487c016\big\gallery\.jpeghttps:/…](https://prod%5C-images%5C-static%5C.radiopaedia%5C.org/images/30733038/986af30d0ca20e140b04cf5487c016%5Cbig%5Cgallery%5C.jpeghttps:/%E2%80%A6)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Assistant: !https://prod\-images\-static\.radiopaedia\.org/images/30733038/986af30d0ca20e140b04cf5487c016\big\gallery\.jpeghttps:/…")

![https://prod\-images\-static\.radiopaedia\.org/images/30733038/986af30d0ca20e140b04cf5487c016\_big\_gallery\.jpeg](https://prod%5C-images%5C-static%5C.radiopaedia%5C.org/images/30733038/986af30d0ca20e140b04cf5487c016%5C_big%5C_gallery%5C.jpeg)[[17]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-17) ![https://www\.researchgate\.net/profile/Ahmed\-Elsaftawy/publication/256452003/figure/fig5/AS%3A314936254320644%401452098062635/n\-case\-of\-rotary\-subluxation\-of\-the\-scaphoid\-scapholunate\-angle\-60\-lunate\-capitate\_Q320\.jpg](https://www%5C.researchgate%5C.net/profile/Ahmed%5C-Elsaftawy/publication/256452003/figure/fig5/AS%3A314936254320644%401452098062635/n%5C-case%5C-of%5C-rotary%5C-subluxation%5C-of%5C-the%5C-scaphoid%5C-scapholunate%5C-angle%5C-60%5C-lunate%5C-capitate%5C_Q320%5C.jpg)[[18]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-18) ![https://upload\.orthobullets\.com/topic/6041/images/gw275h550\.\.jpg](https://upload%5C.orthobullets%5C.com/topic/6041/images/gw275h550%5C.%5C.jpg)[[19]](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_note-19) 5

#### Radiographic Findings Consistent with DISI (Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: Radiographic Findings Consistent with DISI (Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability)")

##### 1) What does DISI mean?[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: 1) What does DISI mean?")

DISI is a pattern of carpal instability in which the lunate tilts dorsally (extends) on the lateral wrist radiograph. It occurs most commonly after Scapholunate ligament injury. Mechanism in brief:

*   Scaphoid loses its stabilizing link to the lunate → scaphoid collapses into flexion
*   Lunate, pulled by the triquetrum and capitate, rotates into extension (dorsiflexion)

#### 2) Key Radiographic Findings (High-yield for exams)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: 2) Key Radiographic Findings (High-yield for exams)")

##### A) Lateral view (the most important view)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: A) Lateral view (the most important view)")

The diagnosis of DISI is primarily made on a true lateral wrist radiograph.
1.   Dorsal tilt of the lunate

*   The lunate’s distal articular surface faces dorsally
*   Often described as the lunate “cup” opening posteriorly

1.   Increased Scapholunate Angle (SLA)

*   Normal: approximately 30°–60°
*   DISI: typically greater than 70°
*   This is the single most quoted numeric criterion in exams

1.   Increased Radiolunate Angle (RLA)

*   Normal: near neutral
*   DISI: greater than 10°, reflecting dorsal lunate tilt

1.   Increased Capitolunate (Lunocapitate) Angle

*   Normal: less than 30°
*   DISI: greater than 30°, indicating loss of collinearity between lunate and capitate

Classic exam phrase:“DISI on lateral view is characterized by dorsal lunate tilt with an increased scapholunate angle, usually greater than 70 degrees.”
##### B) PA (posteroanterior) view – supportive findings[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: B) PA (posteroanterior) view – supportive findings")

PA views help identify the cause, not the alignment itself.

1.   Scapholunate gap widening

*   Increased distance between scaphoid and lunate
*   Known as the “Terry Thomas sign”

1.   Scaphoid ring sign

*   Seen due to scaphoid flexion and rotary subluxation

1.   Dynamic instability

*   Early DISI may have a normal PA view
*   Widening appears only on stress views such as: - Clenched fist view - Ulnar deviation stress view

#### 3) How to Measure (Practical Exam Technique)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: 3) How to Measure (Practical Exam Technique)")

On a true lateral radiograph:

*   Draw the long axis of the scaphoid
*   Draw the axis of the lunate → angle between them = Scapholunate angle
*   Draw the radius axis and lunate axis → Radiolunate angle
*   Draw the capitate axis and lunate axis → Capitolunate angle

If the lateral is not perfectly true, angles are unreliable (important pitfall).

#### 4) Common Pitfalls (Frequently Tested)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=20 "Edit section: 4) Common Pitfalls (Frequently Tested)")

*   False DISI can be diagnosed if the lateral view is rotated or not neutral
*   DISI vs VISI: - DISI → dorsal lunate tilt → Scapholunate ligament injury - VISI → volar lunate tilt → Lunotriquetral ligament injury
*   Early DISI can be dynamic, visible only with stress imaging

#### 5) Why DISI Matters Clinically (Exam Progression)[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=21 "Edit section: 5) Why DISI Matters Clinically (Exam Progression)")

Untreated or chronic DISI commonly progresses to:

*   SLAC wrist (Scapholunate Advanced Collapse)
*   Predictable pattern of degenerative arthritis

This progression is a very common MCQ concept.

#### 6) If X-rays Are Inconclusive[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=22 "Edit section: 6) If X-rays Are Inconclusive")

Next diagnostic steps may include:

*   Stress radiographs
*   MRI or MR arthrogram to assess the Scapholunate ligament
*   Wrist arthroscopy (gold standard in equivocal cases)

##### One-line exam summary[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=23 "Edit section: One-line exam summary")

DISI is diagnosed on a lateral wrist radiograph by dorsal tilting of the lunate with an increased scapholunate angle (usually greater than 70°), most commonly due to scapholunate ligament injury.
If you want, send me a specific wrist X-ray and I’ll walk you through it step-by-step exactly as in a viva or OSCE scenario.

## References[edit](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?title=Openai/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32&action=edit&section=24 "Edit section: References")

1.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-1)["DISI شرح ونتائج إشعاعية"](https://chatgpt.com/share/695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32). ChatGPT. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
2.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-2)["https://www\.researchgate\.net/profile/Jonny\-Andersson/publication/319937516/figure/fig2/AS%3A540741919559680%401505934328078/Dorsal\-intercalated\-segment\-instability\-DISI\-with\-a\-scapholunate\-angle\-of\-approximately\_Q640\.jpg"](https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th/id/OIP.kZ9849t0tLROFWGb4fteDQAAAA?w=400&h=400&c=7&p=0). tse1.mm.bing.net. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
3.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-3)["https://www\.medical\.theclinics\.com/cms/10\.1016/j\.mcna\.2014\.04\.003/asset/60d34e96\-d732\-48d4\-acd8\-915ab709ac0b/main\.assets/gr8\_lrg\.jpg"](https://tse3.mm.bing.net/th/id/OIP.e1CczQTVcLHPMVY03djDBAHaLE?w=474&h=474&c=7&p=0). tse3.mm.bing.net. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
4.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-4)["https://data\.pacs\.de/sites/default/files/mirrorimages/media\.springernature\.com/full/springer\-static/image/art%253A10\.1007%252Fs13244\-014\-0337\-1/MediaObjects/13244\_2014\_337\_Fig3\_HTML\.gif"](https://tse2.mm.bing.net/th/id/OIP.LwCzhhlMoWFXIEGhibY1cgAAAA?w=396&h=396&c=7&p=0). tse2.mm.bing.net. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
5.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-5)["https://image\.slidesharecdn\.com/20150914stafflectureupperext\-150913143227\-lva1\-app6891/95/emergency\-radiology\-shoulder\-upper\-extremities\-70\-638\.jpg?cb=1442154947"](https://tse3.mm.bing.net/th/id/OIP.p7cQCir92aY_l0BJJxAPXAHaFj?w=474&h=474&c=7&p=0). tse3.mm.bing.net. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
6.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-6)["orthobullets.com"](https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6041/scapholunate-ligament-injury-and-disi). orthobullets.com. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
7.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-7)["orthobullets.com"](https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6041/scapholunate-ligament-injury-and-disi). orthobullets.com. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
8.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-8)["Radiopaedia"](https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dorsal-intercalated-segment-instability). radiopaedia.org. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
9.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-9)["PMC"](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4141341/). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
10.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-10)["pubs.rsna.org"](https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.210123). pubs.rsna.org. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
11.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-11)["PMC"](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8169173/). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
12.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-12)["pubs.rsna.org"](https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.210123). pubs.rsna.org. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
13.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-13)["PMC"](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4141341/). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
14.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-14)["PMC"](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4141341/). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
15.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-15)["pubs.rsna.org"](https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.210123). pubs.rsna.org. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
16.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-16)["pubs.rsna.org"](https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.210123). pubs.rsna.org. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
17.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-17)["https://prod\-images\-static\.radiopaedia\.org/images/30733038/986af30d0ca20e140b04cf5487c016\_big\_gallery\.jpeg"](https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/30733038/986af30d0ca20e140b04cf5487c016_big_gallery.jpeg). prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
18.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-18)["https://www\.researchgate\.net/profile/Ahmed\-Elsaftawy/publication/256452003/figure/fig5/AS%3A314936254320644%401452098062635/n\-case\-of\-rotary\-subluxation\-of\-the\-scaphoid\-scapholunate\-angle\-60\-lunate\-capitate\_Q320\.jpg"](https://images.openai.com/thumbnails/url/m9sySnicu5mVUVJSUGylr5-al1xUWVCSmqJbkpRnoJdeXJJYkpmsl5yfq5-Zm5ieWmxfaAuUsXL0S7F0Tw4pdStxMk30KchLdyoOTPePCC5OS7YIyDQoznWKKvBxCynOyA0L9zcIjU_yygnzNEhKUSsGAJP0Jt4). images.openai.com. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
19.   [↑](https://freemwiki.com/index.php?mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile&title=Openai%2F695bc248-c9bc-8008-82d2-be391b6b7b32#cite_ref-19)["https://upload\.orthobullets\.com/topic/6041/images/gw275h550\.\.jpg"](https://upload.orthobullets.com/topic/6041/images/gw275h550..jpg). upload.orthobullets.com. Retrieved 2026-01-06.