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A prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces designed to refract light. Here are the key points about prisms: | |||
== Definition and Structure == | |||
- A prism is a 3D solid object with two identical ends (bases) and flat faces1<ref name="ref16">16</ref>. | |||
- The bases can be any polygon shape (triangle, square, rectangle, etc.)[1]. | |||
- The faces between the bases are usually parallelograms or rectangles[1]. | |||
- At least one surface must be angled - elements with parallel surfaces are not prisms[19]. | |||
== Types of Prisms == | |||
Prisms can be classified in different ways: | |||
1. Based on base shape: | |||
- Triangular prism | |||
- Rectangular prism | |||
- Square prism | |||
- Pentagonal prism | |||
- Hexagonal prism, etc.1<ref name="ref17">17</ref> | |||
2. Based on alignment: | |||
- Right prism: Bases are perfectly aligned with side faces[7] | |||
- Oblique prism: Bases are not aligned, appears tilted[7] | |||
3. Based on base regularity: | |||
- Regular prism: Base is a regular polygon | |||
- Irregular prism: Base is an irregular polygon[17] | |||
4. Based on function: | |||
- Dispersive prisms: Separate light into component colors | |||
- Reflective prisms: Manipulate light direction | |||
- Polarizing prisms: Split light based on polarization[3] | |||
== Optical Properties and Uses == | |||
- Prisms can refract, reflect, and disperse light[3]. | |||
- A triangular prism can separate white light into its constituent colors (spectrum)[1]. | |||
- Used in various optical instruments like microscopes, telescopes, binoculars, periscopes9<ref name="ref13">13</ref>. | |||
- Applications in ophthalmology to measure and treat eye alignment[13]. | |||
- Used in spectroscopy to analyze light and determine material composition[10]. | |||
== | == Mathematical Properties == | ||
= | - Volume = Base area × Height | ||
- Surface area = (2 × Base Area) + (Base perimeter × Height)[17] | |||
- Cross-section parallel to base will have same shape as base[7] | |||
== | == Materials == | ||
Prisms can be made from any transparent material suitable for the intended wavelengths, including: | |||
- Glass | |||
- Plastic (acrylic) | |||
- Fluorite[19] | |||
== | == Applications Beyond Optics == | ||
The term "prism" is also used in other contexts: | |||
- In geometry education to teach 3D shapes[15] | |||
- As a metaphor for analyzing or viewing things from different perspectives | |||
- In software and technology products (e.g. Prism by Nutanix for cloud management)[11] | |||
Prisms play a crucial role in various scientific, industrial, and everyday applications by manipulating light in predictable and useful ways. | |||
== References == | |||
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