Editing Openai/692c8201-7a4c-800d-9ca0-5220fef3e400 (section)

=== 1. VENONA: An Overview (NSA Cryptologic Almanac). File shown on NSA site as VENONA_An_Overview.pdf. See the section that explains how the messages were constructed and how the key groups in the clear and depths were discovered. Relevant material: opening discussion of one-time pad superencipherment and reference to Feinstein’s discovery (see page 1, paragraph describing Genevieve Feinstein and depth isolation). nsa.gov<ref>{{cite web|title=nsa.gov|url=https://www.nsa.gov/Portals/70/documents/news-features/declassified-documents/crypto-almanac-50th/VENONA_An_Overview.pdf|publisher=nsa.gov|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> ===
# The Venona Story (Robert Benson, NSA Center for Cryptologic History). File: venona_story.pdf. This monograph explains the project history, the cryptanalytic breakthrough, the role of Meredith Gardner and others, and the public releases of the translations. Relevant sections: the early description of breaking the additive key and the timeline of message releases (see the introduction and the discussion around the first readable messages, roughly pp. 20–22 in the PDF). nsa.gov<ref>{{cite web|title=nsa.gov|url=https://www.nsa.gov/portals/75/documents/about/cryptologic-heritage/historical-figures-publications/publications/coldwar/venona_story.pdf|publisher=nsa.gov|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref>
# NSA Venona public release index / Venona pages — the NSA Venona landing page and declassification index listing the released translations and related documents (this is the portal that points to the released translation packets). Use this for navigating individual release PDFs and the 1995–1996 translation sets. nsa.gov<ref>{{cite web|title=nsa.gov|url=https://www.nsa.gov/Helpful-Links/NSA-FOIA/Declassification-Transparency-Initiatives/Historical-Releases/Venona/|publisher=nsa.gov|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref>
# "Venona — New York KGB 1944" compilation (transcribed translations), Wilson Center / Library of Congress compilation: large PDF that reproduces the published translations for New York KGB messages (file often distributed as Venona-New-York-KGB-1944.pdf). This contains the published decrypted and transcribed messages (with notes about unrecovered groups etc.). It is a public transcription of the released translations (useful for plaintext examples and for locating message numbers and contexts). Note: these transcriptions show translated plaintext and indicate unrecovered groups; they generally do not publish an internal analyst worksheet with the original 5-digit ciphertext plus the reused pad fragments and the handwritten arithmetic. Wilson Center<ref>{{cite web|title=Wilson Center|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/article/Venona-New-York-KGB-1944.pdf|publisher=Wilson Center|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref>
# CIA / Combined release: "Venona: Soviet Espionage and the American Response, 1939–1957" (the multi-agency volume assembled around the 1995–1996 releases). This volume documents the public release program and contains many of the published translations and narrative material. Use this for reference to which releases were made in 1995–1996. CIA<ref>{{cite web|title=CIA|url=https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/static/fc3235f14ff505b6f839321755cfe72d/Venona-Soviet-Espionage-and-The-American-Response-1939-1957.pdf|publisher=cia.gov|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref>