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Openai/69174844-9774-8012-8b69-32262ca5e35a
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=== 有两类互补判据可以用来判断隧穿是否主导: === ===== 比较 E00E_{00}E00 与 kTkTkT(温度能量): ===== * 如果 E00≪kTE_{00} \ll kTE00≪kT:TE 主导(热激发越过势垒)。 * 如果 E00∼kTE_{00} \sim kTE00∼kT:TFE(热力场发射)——热激发与隧穿共同重要。 * 如果 E00≫kTE_{00} \gg kTE00≫kT:FE(冷场发射/隧穿)主导。 (这个判据常见于半导体器件物理与 Sze 类型教材,便于把掺杂、有效质量与介电常数联系成一个能量量纲的比较量。) ===== 1. 计算耗尽宽度 WWW。 ===== # 若 WWW 足够小(工程上常用经验阈值 Wcrit∼W_{\text{crit}}\simWcrit∼ 几纳米,典型 1–5 nm),则隧穿概率极大,隧穿占主导 → 欧姆接触行为。 # 若 WWW 大(数十 nm 以上),热发射主导 → 肖特基行为。 这个判据更直观:隧穿概率随 WWW 指数变化(WKB 指数中含 WWW),所以宽度的“纳米尺度”差异会导致从整流到欧姆的根本转变。
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