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Openai/693690ea-2aec-8013-9f10-ddbe2ccd597e
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==== 5. Active Equalization μ λ΅ λ° Budget ==== ===== 5.1 EQ μν λΆλ΄ κ°μ ===== * CTLE (Rx) - FR-4μ μ£Όνμ μμ‘΄ μμ€μ λΆλΆμ μΌλ‘ 보μ - HF noise/crosstalk/μμ λ Έμ΄μ¦κΉμ§ μ¦ν β conservative μ¬μ© * TX 3-tap FIR (FFE) - Pre-/Post-cursor ISI μΌλΆ 보μ - De-emphasis κ³Όλ€ μ Rx λ¨ μ μ swing κ°μ β Eye height μ ν * DFE (Rx) - Post-cursor ISI λ° via/connectorμμ κΈ°μΈν reflection μ±λΆ μ κ±° - λ Έμ΄μ¦λ μ¦ννμ§ μμ β PAM-4μμ ν΅μ¬ EQ λΈλ‘ - Error propagation, timing closure μ΄μ κ³ λ € νμ ===== 5.2 EQ Budget (Consensus κ°) ===== <syntaxhighlight lang="text">28 Gbps PAM-4 EQ Budget (Consensus Proposal) Estimated Channel Loss @ 7 GHz : 18β22 dB Passive (via/matching/layout) : 2β3 dB ν¨κ³Ό (notch μ κ±°, RL κ°μ ) TX 3-tap FIR (FFE) : 4β6 dB (conservative de-emphasis νλ) CTLE (Rx) : 8β10 dB peaking (μν) DFE (Rx) : residual ISI + reflection 보μ Total recoverable (linear + DFE): ~16β19 dB Expected margin : ~0β3 dB (TIGHT) </syntaxhighlight> ===== 5.3 CTLE μ€κ³/νλ κ°μ΄λ ===== * λͺ©μ : - μ±λ ILμ μ½ 50β60%λ§ λ³΄μ - κ³Όλν HF boostλ‘ μΈν noise/jitter μ νλ₯Ό λ°©μ§ * μ€μ κ°μ΄λ: - DC gain: 0 dB λλ μ½κ° attenuation (headroom ν보) - Peaking frequency: 6β8 GHz μ€μ¬ - Peaking gain (max): 8β10 dB (μ€μ¬μ©: 6β9 dB κΆμ₯) * νλ μμ: 1. μ±λ S-parameterμμ IL(f) νμΈ 2. CTLE zero/pole/peaking μ€μ β eye width μ΅λν, jitter νμΈ 3. HF noise μ¦κ° κ²½ν₯μ΄ λ³΄μ΄λ©΄ peaking 1β2 dB κ°μ ===== 5.4 TX 3-tap FIR (Pre-emphasis) κ°μ΄λ ===== * κΈ°λ³Έ ꡬ쑰: [pre, main, post] 3-tap FFE * μ μ± : - Eye height β₯ 60 mVλ₯Ό μ΅μ°μ - μ΄ de-emphasis ν¨κ³Όλ 4β6 dB μ΄λ΄λ‘ μ ν * μ΄κΈ° κ° μμ (μ κ·ν κΈ°μ€): - main tap cβ β 0.65β0.75 - post tap cββ β β0.20 ~ β0.25 - pre tap cββ β β0.05 ~ β0.10 * νλ ν¬μΈνΈ: - post-cursor ISIκ° ν¬λ©΄ |cββ|λ₯Ό μ‘°κΈ μ¦κ°μν€λ, eye height μ ν κ°μ - pre-cursor μν₯μ΄ ν¬μ§ μμΌλ©΄ cββλ 0 λλ λ§€μ° μκ² μ μ§ ===== 5.5 DFE μ€κ³/νλ κ°μ΄λ ===== * Tap μ: - 3β5 tap baud-spaced DFE (1st, 2nd tapμ λλΆλΆμ μλμ§ μ§μ€) * μν : - CTLE + Tx FFEλ‘λ λ¨λ post-cursor tail λ° λ³΅ν© reflection μ±λΆ μ κ±° * μ£Όμμ¬ν: - Error propagation: - PAM-4 4-level decision νΉμ±μ μλͺ»λ κ²°μ μ μ°μ μ€λ₯ μν - Tap weight saturation λ°©μ§, adaptation μκ³ λ¦¬μ¦ μμ μ± μ€μ - Adaptation loop bandwidth: - λ무 λΉ λ₯΄λ©΄ tap wandering β data-dependent jitter μ¦κ° - CDR loopμ μνΈμμ© κ³ λ €νμ¬ μ€μ
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