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=== 词汇量评估标准(CEFR等级) === 国际上没有绝对统一的“词汇量对应水平”标准,但'''欧洲语言共同参考框架'''(CEFR)为语言能力划分了等级,并可作为词汇量的大致参照。CEFR将语言水平分为A1、A2(初级),B1、B2(中级),C1、C2(高级)六个等级。每个等级通常对应一个大致的词汇量范围: {| class="wikitable" !CEFR等级 !词汇量估计(单词数) |- |A1 基础入门 |~500 个常用单词 (How Many Words You Should Know For Every Language Level) |- |A2 基础初级 |~1,000 个单词 (How Many Words You Should Know For Every Language Level) |- |B1 中级 |~2,000 个单词 (How Many Words You Should Know For Every Language Level) |- |B2 中高级 |~4,000 个单词 (How Many Words You Should Know For Every Language Level) |- |C1 高级流利 |~8,000 个单词 (How Many Words You Should Know For Every Language Level) |- |C2 精通 |~16,000 个单词 (How Many Words You Should Know For Every Language Level) |} ''(注:以上数值为常用词汇量的大致参考值,不同来源可能略有差异。例如有的资料认为B2水平约需要5000-6000词汇。上述表格采用的是一种简单估计法,即每升一级词汇量约翻一番的“倍增规则”,并假设以认识'''单词族'''(word family)为单位统计。 (How Many Words You Should Know For Every Language Level)建议在这些值基础上有±20%的浮动范围,以适应不同学习者的情况。)'' 从表中可以看出,'''每提升一个CEFR等级,都需要显著扩大词汇量'''。A1入门者可能仅需掌握几百单词即可进行简单交流,而要达到C1/C2这样的高级水平则需要上万词汇储备。当然,词汇量并非评定语言等级的唯一因素,但它是重要基础之一。例如,B2被很多人视为“流利”门槛,而要流利阅读报纸杂志通常需要至少几千以上的词汇量支撑 (What are estimates of vocabulary size for each CEFR level? - Language Learning Stack Exchange) (What are estimates of vocabulary size for each CEFR level? - Language Learning Stack Exchange)。通过词汇量测试结果对照CEFR标准,你可以大致判断自己的词汇量处于什么水平段,并据此设定下一阶段的词汇学习目标。
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