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糖尿病
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=== 妊娠期糖尿病 === 妊娠期糖尿病是指在孕期首次出现的糖代谢异常,表现为血糖水平高于正常但低于糖尿病诊断阈值的一种高血糖状态 ( 糖尿病 )。该情况通常发生在孕中晚期。孕妇患妊娠期糖尿病会增加妊娠和分娩过程中出现高血压、早产、巨大儿等并发症的风险;并且这些女性今后发生2型糖尿病的风险显著增加,她们所生的孩子将来患2型糖尿病的风险也较一般人群更高 ( 糖尿病 )。由于妊娠期糖尿病的症状往往不明显,临床主要通过产前筛查(如口服葡萄糖耐量试验)来诊断,而非依赖主观症状 ( 糖尿病 )。及时干预妊娠期高血糖(通过饮食、运动或胰岛素治疗)能够降低母婴并发症风险,绝大多数妊娠期糖尿病患者可在产后恢复正常血糖,但需要继续随访评估其远期糖代谢情况。
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