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Openai/691718ed-7ba4-8006-96d5-a66e0d9678fe
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=== Assistant: 如果事件在虛無假設下的機率不是 50%,例如 p00.20p0 0.20p00.20,做法一樣,只是分布不對稱。我幫你用 n 100、雙尾 α0.05\alpha0.05α0.05 算了精確二項的臨界區,並用常態近似做… === 如果事件在虛無假設下的機率不是 50%,例如 p0=0.20p_0 = 0.20p0=0.20,做法一樣,只是分布不對稱。我幫你用 n = 100、雙尾 α=0.05\alpha=0.05α=0.05 算了精確二項的臨界區,並用常態近似做對照(上方有兩個小表可以展開查看)。 ===== - 精確等尾法(each tail ≈ 0.025)得到: - 下臨界點:X≤11X \le \mathbf{11}X≤11,其 P(X≤11)≈0.0126P(X \le 11) \approx 0.0126P(X≤11)≈0.0126 - 上臨界點:X≥29X \ge \mathbf{29}X≥29,其 P(X≥29)≈0.0200P(X \ge 29) \approx 0.0200P(X≥29)≈0.0200 -(兩端合計約 0.0326,這是因為二項分布是離散的,無法剛好切到 0.025+0.025) ===== * 常態近似(含連續性校正):下界約 ≤ 12、上界約 ≥ 28(和精確值非常接近) 解讀:在 n=100n=100n=100、p0=0.20p_0=0.20p0=0.20 下,觀察到 * X≤11X \le 11X≤11(太少)或 X≥29X \ge 29X≥29(太多)就會拒絕 H0H_0H0。 * 例如觀察到 25 個事件不算顯著;30 個事件就會顯著。 我也算了幾個例子的 p 值(上方第二個表)供你對照,例如: * X=25X=25X=25:雙尾精確 p(probability-based)約多少;單尾 P(X≥25)P(X\ge 25)P(X≥25) 也一併列出。 * X=28X=28X=28、303030、353535:可以看到超過 29 後,p 值迅速跌破 0.05。 如果你要換成 其他樣本數(像是 1000 或 10000),或指定 單尾檢定,我可以直接幫你把臨界值與 p 值表生出來做比較。
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