Editing Openai/6843075e-8924-8006-8475-25672d1f30d4 (section)

=== Assistant: Absolutely, Mahmoud. ===
Absolutely, Mahmoud. Here's your request formatted exactly as you asked — 13 Qur’anic verses in Arabic, followed by the corresponding scientific discovery in English, including the scientist, year, and how it fits, along with relevant notes and context for each.

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أَوَلَمْ يَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًۭا فَفَتَقْنَـٰهُمَا ۖ وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍۢ حَىٍّ ۖ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

Scientific Discovery: The Big Bang Theory
Scientist & Year: Georges Lemaître, 1927
How it Fits: The verse describes the heavens and earth as being once a single, joined entity, which is conceptually in line with the singularity before the Big Bang.
Note: This was discovered ~1300 years after the Qur'an was revealed, and such a cosmological model was completely unknown in the 7th century.

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وَٱلسَّمَآءَ بَنَيْنَـٰهَا بِأَيْي۟دٍۢ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ

Scientific Discovery: Expanding Universe
Scientist & Year: Edwin Hubble, 1929
How it Fits: The Arabic "لَمُوسِعُونَ" indicates continuous expansion. Hubble confirmed galaxies are moving away from each other — space is expanding.
Note: There was no concept of an expanding universe in ancient cosmology.

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أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ ٱلْأَرْضَ مِهَـٰدًۭا ﴿٦﴾ وَٱلْجِبَالَ أَوْتَادًۭا ﴿٧﴾

Scientific Discovery: Mountains have deep roots (peg-like structures)
Scientist & Year: Confirmed via Plate Tectonics theory, 1960s
How it Fits: Mountains extend deep into the crust like pegs, stabilizing tectonic plates.
Note: Ancient civilizations believed mountains were just surface formations.

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مَرَجَ ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ ﴿١٩﴾ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌۭ لَّا يَبْغِيَانِ ﴿٢٠﴾

Scientific Discovery: The barrier between saltwater and freshwater in seas
Scientist & Year: Jacques Cousteau, 20th century
How it Fits: Oceanographers found that when two bodies of water meet, there’s a physical barrier due to differences in salinity, temperature, and density.
Note: This phenomenon is invisible to the naked eye.

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أَوْ كَظُلُمَـٰتٍۢ فِى بَحْرٍۢ لُّجِّۢىٍّۢ يَغْشَىٰهُ مَوْجٌۭ مِّن فَوْقِهِۦ مَوْجٌۭ مِّن فَوْقِهِۦ سَحَابٌۭ ۚ ظُلُمَـٰتٌۭ بَعْضُهَا فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ إِذَآ أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُۥ لَمْ يَكَدْ يَرَىٰهَا ۗ وَمَن لَّمْ يَجْعَلِ ٱللَّهُ لَهُۥ نُورًۭا فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن نُّورٍۢ

Scientific Discovery: Layers of darkness in deep seas and internal waves
Scientist & Year: Deep sea studies began in the 20th century
How it Fits: Internal waves and multiple layers of darkness exist in deep seas where light doesn’t penetrate — exactly as described.
Note: Humans didn’t have technology to reach such depths until recent decades.

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وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ مِن سُلَـٰلَةٍۢ مِّن طِينٍۢ ﴿١٢﴾ ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَـٰهُ نُطْفَةًۭ فِى قَرَارٍۢ مَّكِينٍۢ ﴿١٣﴾ ثُمَّ خَلَقْنَا ٱلنُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةًۭ فَخَلَقْنَا ٱلْعَلَقَةَ مُضْغَةًۭ فَخَلَقْنَا ٱلْمُضْغَةَ عِظَـٰمًۭا فَكَسَوْنَا ٱلْعِظَـٰمَ لَحْمًۭا ثُمَّ أَنشَأْنَـٰهُ خَلْقًا ءَاخَرَ ۚ فَتَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ ٱلْخَـٰلِقِينَ

Scientific Discovery: Stages of human embryonic development
Scientist & Year: Modern embryology confirmed in 20th century; Dr. Keith Moore praised its accuracy
How it Fits: The stages (nutfah, alaqah, mudghah) align with zygote, clinging embryo, and chewed-like somite stage.
Note: These details were impossible to observe in the 7th century.

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وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ سَقْفًۭا مَّحْفُوظًۭا ۖ وَهُمْ عَنْ ءَايَـٰتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ

Scientific Discovery: Earth’s atmosphere as a protective shield
Scientist & Year: Established in modern atmospheric science
How it Fits: The atmosphere protects Earth from radiation, meteors, and maintains life-supporting pressure and temperature.
Note: This concept was only scientifically explained in the last 100 years.

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أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ أَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۭ فَسَلَكَهُۥ يَنَـٰبِيعَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُ بِهِۦ زَرْعًۭا شَتَّىٰ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَىٰهُ مُصْفَرًّۭا ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُهُۥ حُطَـٰمًا ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَذِكْرَىٰ لِأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَلْبَـٰبِ

Scientific Discovery: Water cycle and underground water channels
Scientist & Year: Hydrology developed in 17th–19th centuries
How it Fits: The verse describes rain penetrating the earth and forming underground streams, followed by plant life cycle.
Note: Water tables and hydrological cycles were unknown in the 7th century.

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا سَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِمْ نَارًۭا ۖ كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُم بَدَّلْنَـٰهُمْ جُلُودًۭا غَيْرَهَا لِيَذُوقُواْ ٱلْعَذَابَ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا

Scientific Discovery: Pain receptors are in the skin
Scientist & Year: Identified in neurobiology, 19th–20th century
How it Fits: The verse implies that pain is connected to skin, which is now confirmed via nociceptors in the dermis.
Note: Ancient medical belief held that pain came from the brain or heart.

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بَلَىٰ قَـٰدِرِينَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن نُّسَوِّىَ بَنَانَهُۥ

Scientific Discovery: Fingerprints are unique and used for identification
Scientist & Year: Sir Francis Galton, 1892
How it Fits: The verse references fingertips — scientifically, no two individuals (even twins) share the same fingerprint.
Note: No one in 7th century Arabia could have known this level of anatomical detail.

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خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍۢ تَرَوْنَهَا ۖ وَأَلْقَىٰ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ رَوَٰسِىَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَآبَّةٍ ۚ وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۭ فَأَنۢبَتْنَا فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ زَوْجٍۢ كَرِيمٍۢ

Scientific Discovery: Gravitational balance and mountain stability
Scientist & Year: Isaac Newton (Gravity), 1687
How it Fits: The heavens are supported "without pillars you see," which aligns with gravity as an invisible force. Mountains stabilize Earth's crust.
Note: These are not metaphors but technically accurate physical ideas.

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لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ ٱلنَّاسُ بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۖ وَأَنزَلْنَا ٱلْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌۭ شَدِيدٌۭ وَمَنَـٰفِعُ لِلنَّاسِ...

Scientific Discovery: Iron is not from Earth but from outer space
Scientist & Year: Nuclear astrophysics, 20th century
How it Fits: The term "we sent down iron" fits the discovery that iron originates in supernovae and was delivered via meteorites.
Note: The concept of extraterrestrial iron was entirely unknown pre-modern science.

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سَنُرِيهِمْ ءَايَـٰتِنَا فِى ٱلْأٓفَاقِ وَفِىٓ أَنفُسِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ ٱلْحَقُّ ۗ...

Scientific Discovery: Progressive scientific discoveries revealing truth
Scientist & Year: Ongoing — all modern science
How it Fits: The verse suggests a continuous revelation of truth in the universe and human self, aligning with how modern science continually unveils new understandings.
Note: The word "سنريهم" (We will show them) implies future discoveries — a timeless sign.

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