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Openai/693ba2e3-b928-8004-920f-e506d7f76c92
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==== 1. 章節摘要 ==== 升糖素類似胜肽-1(GLP-1)受體促效劑(GLP-1 RA)為「腸泌素(incretin)」類藥物,主要透過活化 GLP-1 受體,以血糖濃度依賴(glucose-dependent)的方式增加胰島素分泌、抑制升糖素分泌,並延緩胃排空,因此可改善第二型糖尿病(type 2 DM)之血糖控制,且多數藥物同時可降低食慾/攝食量而帶來體重下降。【TFDA|Mechanism】Soliqua 衛部菌疫輸字第001080號114.05.21 近年 TFDA 仿單亦呈現此類藥物在「糖尿病以外」的核准用途擴張:例如 '''semaglutide(Wegovy)'''用於慢性體重管理,並可在特定肥胖合併心血管疾病族群降低重大心血管不良事件(MACE)風險,且在肥胖合併 HFpEF 成人改善心衰竭症狀與活動限制並降低心衰竭住院風險。【TFDA|Indications】Wegovy 衛部菌疫輸字第001224號114.03.04;'''semaglutide(Ozempic)'''除血糖控制外,亦核准用於第二型糖尿病合併已確診心血管疾病者降低 MACE 風險,並在第二型糖尿病合併慢性腎臟病族群降低腎結局與心血管死亡風險。【TFDA|Indications】Wegovy 衛部菌疫輸字第001224號114.03.04;'''tirzepatide(Mounjaro;GIP/GLP-1 雙重促效劑)'''除血糖控制外,亦核准用於成人肥胖/過重之體重控制,並可用於肥胖合併中度至重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症(OSA)成人以改善嚴重程度。【TFDA|Indications】Mounjaro 衛部藥輸字第028468號114.05.21 Mounjaro 衛部藥輸字第028468號114.05.21 安全性方面,多數 GLP-1 RA(以及 tirzepatide)仿單包含「甲狀腺 C 細胞腫瘤風險」之警告,並將有甲狀腺髓質癌(MTC)個人/家族史或多發性內分泌腫瘤症候群第2型(MEN 2)列為禁忌。【TFDA|Boxed Warning/Contraindications】Rybelsus 衛部菌疫輸字第001171號114.05.22;此外,常見不良反應以胃腸道(噁心、腹瀉、嘔吐、便秘等)為主,並需注意胰臟炎、膽囊疾病、脫水相關急性腎損傷、與胰島素/磺醯脲類併用之低血糖風險,以及延遲胃排空導致麻醉/鎮靜時肺部異物吸入風險等警語。【TFDA|Warnings/Adverse Reactions】Mounjaro 衛部藥輸字第028468號114.05.21 Trulicity 衛部菌疫輸字第000978號114.05.…
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