Editing Openai/69322f57-46cc-800c-9523-7ed8d7199a1a (section)

=== Alleged war-crimes by Israeli forces (types + examples & sources) ===
# Indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks that killed large numbers of civilians - Human Rights Watch, Amnesty and UN reports document airstrikes and artillery attacks in populated areas that killed and injured many civilians, including children, and argue some strikes meet the elements of war crimes because they were indiscriminate or disproportionate to any military advantage asserted. Examples include strikes in Rafah, al-Maghazi and other population centres. Human Rights Watch<ref>{{cite web|title=Human Rights Watch|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/11/14/israels-crimes-against-humanity-gaza|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=2024-11-14|access-date=2025-12-05}}</ref>
# Deliberate deprivation of essentials (water, food, fuel, medical supplies) — starvation as a method of warfare - HRW and other organizations have documented policies and operational restrictions (sieges, blockades, denial of aid, destruction of water infrastructure) that they say intentionally deprived civilians of water and other basics — conduct that can amount to a war crime (and has been framed by some groups as a crime against humanity or part of genocidal acts). The ICC prosecutor has also raised related allegations. Human Rights Watch<ref>{{cite web|title=Human Rights Watch|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/12/19/extermination-and-acts-genocide/israel-deliberately-depriving-palestinians-gaza|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=2024-12-19|access-date=2025-12-05}}</ref>
# Collective punishment and forced displacement / unlawful transfer - Multiple UN bodies, Amnesty, B’Tselem and others say orders to evacuate entire areas, coupled with siege/denial of humanitarian assistance, and mass forced displacement of Palestinians amount to collective punishment or unlawful forcible transfer — both prohibited under the Geneva Conventions and potentially war crimes or crimes against humanity. United Nations<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations|url=https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/a-hrc-56-26-auv.pdf|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2025-12-05}}</ref>
# Attacks on hospitals, medical personnel and other protected objects - UN commissions and human-rights NGOs have documented strikes on hospitals, clinics and ambulances and documented impediments to medical evacuations and care. Targeting or recklessly endangering medical services can be a war crime. ReliefWeb<ref>{{cite web|title=ReliefWeb|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-commission-finds-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity-israeli-attacks-gaza-health-facilities-and-treatment-detainees-hostages-enarhe|publisher=reliefweb.int|access-date=2025-12-05}}</ref>
# Killing or shooting of civilians seeking food/aid - Reports from HRW and others describe incidents where civilians gathering for aid or seeking food/water were fired upon; HRW has said such killings can constitute war crimes. Human Rights Watch<ref>{{cite web|title=Human Rights Watch|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/08/01/gaza-israeli-killings-of-palestinians-seeking-food-are-war-crimes|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=2025-08-01|access-date=2025-12-05}}</ref>
# Ill-treatment, abuse and deaths in custody of Palestinian detainees - Investigations and audits (including reporting by Israeli bodies and independent orgs) document severe overcrowding, beatings, denial of medical care and deaths in detention — conduct that may amount to torture, inhuman treatment, or other grave breaches. Recent audits and rights-group reports raised alarm about detainee conditions after the October 2023 escalation. The Wall Street Journal<ref>{{cite web|title=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/audit-finds-palestinian-inmates-face-starvation-and-beatings-in-israeli-prisons-b8201351|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=2025-12-05}}</ref>