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Openai/691a7e8b-c940-800c-ba7c-6b7be9ca9b27
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==== 2. 假設散裝輪運力與每艘船周轉量 ==== 要估「船數」,我們還需要假設: * 每艘散裝船平均年運輸量(載重 +航次)。 * 散裝船型(Capesize、Panamax、Supramax …)的比例:不同船型每次滿載運量差很多。 * 航程長短影響周轉次數(例如澳洲–中國 vs 巴西–中國運鐵礦)。 舉一個非常簡化的假設模型: * 假設大部分鐵礦 +煤走大型海岬型 (Capesize) 或巴拿馬型船。 * 假設一艘海岬型船平均載重 ~ 180,000 噸 (這是典型海岬型範圍之一)(注意:這只是示意) * 假設這船平均一年做 6 個往返航次(航程、靠港時間、裝卸都很重要,但這裡是假設數字) 那麼: * 每艘船年運量 ≈ 180,000 噸 × 6 = 1,080,000 噸(約 108 萬噸) * 若中國鐵礦進口約 12 億噸 /年(假設所有鐵礦石都靠海運,且都是由散裝船運輸,不考慮內陸轉運或鐵路部分),那麼單靠這些船: 需要船數≈1,236,000,000 噸1,080,000 噸/船/年≈1,144 艘(大致)\text{需要船數} ≈ \frac{1,236,000,000 \, \text{噸}}{1,080,000 \, \text{噸/船/年}} \approx 1{,}144 \, \text{艘(大致)}需要船數≈1,080,000噸/船/年1,236,000,000噸≈1,144艘(大致) * 如果再加上煤炭進口(假設若干數億噸),船數可能再大幅增加。
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