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骑马运动
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=== 骑乘马具 === * '''马鞍''':马鞍是放置在马背上的座具,能让骑手更稳固、安全地骑乘,并将体重均匀分布在马背上。常见的马鞍有英式马鞍和西部马鞍两大类:英式马鞍轻巧、无鞍角,适合跳跃和盛装舞步等运动;西部马鞍宽大结实,前端有突出的鞍角,便于套绳捆牛等牧场工作。正确安装马鞍时,要垫上鞍垫(汗垫)以减少摩擦,并系紧肚带将马鞍固定在马背适当位置 (骑马安全最重要!骑马时该如何保证自身的安全_手机新浪网)。 * '''缰绳和马笼头(Bridle)''':马笼头包括缰绳、嚼子等部分,是控制马头和速度方向的主要工具。'''缰绳'''由柔韧的皮革或织带制成,连接马嚼子(衔铁)并延伸至骑手手中。骑手通过牵拉或放松缰绳施加信号,配合腿部和身体动作来指挥马匹行进、转弯或停止。初学者握缰时应双手各持一侧缰绳,拳心向下拇指压在缰上,保持轻柔而稳定,不要用力硬拽,以免让马嘴疼痛 (入门小白骑马的经典对白)。 * '''马镫''':马镫是一对悬挂在马鞍两侧的支撑环,骑手骑乘时将脚踏入马镫以获得支撑和平衡。正确的马镫长度应调整到骑手站立在马旁时,马镫底部大致与脚踝平齐的位置 (RoleCatcher | 掌握骑马技巧:成为马术专家的综合指南) (骑马安全最重要!骑马时该如何保证自身的安全_手机新浪网)。骑乘中要用前脚掌踏实马镫、脚跟微微下沉,这样遇到颠簸不易滑出。注意定期检查'''镫带'''是否牢固无磨损,以确保安全 (骑马安全最重要!骑马时该如何保证自身的安全_手机新浪网)。 ''(以上为常见基础装备,新骑手在正式骑乘前,应在教练指导下检查所有装备的安装和状态。例如,上马前务必确认马鞍肚带已系紧且马镫长度合适 (骑马安全最重要!骑马时该如何保证自身的安全_手机新浪网),以防骑乘中发生滑鞍或脚蹬脱落。)''
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