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蚂蚁会自杀么
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=== 亲代为后代的牺牲 === 有些动物表现出父母为子女献身的行为,即'''以自身生命直接换取后代存活''': * '''蜘蛛母亲的“献食”行为(矩雌蛛)''':在某些社会性蜘蛛中,母蛛甚至其它未繁殖的雌蛛会'''把自己当作食物献给幼蛛'''。例如非洲的社会蜘蛛 ''Stegodyphus dumicola'',当卵孵化后,母蜘蛛先吐出消化的营养液喂食幼蛛,待“母乳”耗尽后,'''母亲成为幼蛛的下一道食物''' (Some female spiders sacrifice themselves for the children of others)。幼蛛们会将母亲活活吃掉,获取生长所需的营养 (Some female spiders sacrifice themselves for the children of others)。研究发现,不只是亲生母亲,连未产卵的处女雌蛛也会参与照顾他人的卵囊,并最终献出身体让蜘蛛幼体吞食 (Some female spiders sacrifice themselves for the children of others)。这种**“母食现象” (matriphagy)** 通过母辈的牺牲极大提升了幼蛛成活率,是蜘蛛演化出的一种极端的育幼策略 (Some female spiders sacrifice themselves for the children of others) (Some female spiders sacrifice themselves for the children of others)。 * '''其他亲代牺牲实例''':在昆虫中也有类似例子。如某些蚜虫的“兵蚜”会在危难时身体爆裂或分泌黏质将入侵者黏住,最后与敌人同归于尽,为的是保护蚜群中的幼蚜和繁殖者。这些兵蚜往往是年长或不育个体,其牺牲增加了近亲幼体存活机会 (Self-sacrificing gall repair by aphid nymphs - Journals) ('Body eruption': the aphids that sacrifice themselves for colony | Insects)。再如有记录显示,雌性八带鱿等头足类在产卵后会守护卵块直到饿死,保证了卵在孵化前不受干扰。还有报道指出,极端环境下某些鸟类父母会把最后的食物喂给雏鸟,自己因饥饿虚弱而死。不过,这类哺乳类或鸟类直接饿死自己的情况较少见,一般父母会在极限状态前寻求其他出路,所以真正演化固定的亲代必死行为主要见于无脊椎动物。
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