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糖尿病
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=== 2型糖尿病 === 2型糖尿病是最常见的糖尿病类型,约占糖尿病患者的90%以上 (Diabetes now affects one in 10 adults worldwide - International Diabetes Federation) ( 糖尿病 )。其发病机制涉及胰岛素抵抗以及胰岛β细胞功能进行性衰退,导致机体无法有效利用胰岛素,体内血糖逐渐升高 ( 糖尿病 )。如不加控制,高血糖随时间累积会对神经、血管等造成严重损害 ( 糖尿病 )。2型糖尿病以中老年发病者居多(过去称为成人发病型糖尿病),但近年来由于儿童青少年肥胖率上升,此病在年轻群体中也日益增多 ( 糖尿病 )。超重肥胖、运动不足和遗传易感是2型糖尿病的重要危险因素,可通过改善生活方式在一定程度上预防或延缓2型糖尿病的发生 ( 糖尿病 )。与1型相比,2型糖尿病起病更为隐匿,早期症状可能轻微或不明显,常常在患病多年、出现并发症后才被确诊 ( 糖尿病 )。因此,定期体检筛查对于早期发现2型糖尿病非常重要 ( 糖尿病 )。
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