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=== 身体症状 === * '''心悸和胸闷:''' 焦虑发作时,交感神经被激活,典型表现之一是心跳加快,感觉心脏“怦怦直跳”甚至“要跳出胸膛” (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。有些人还会感到胸部紧压感或疼痛,以为自己心脏出了问题。 * '''呼吸急促:''' 很多人在焦虑时会不由自主地换气过度,表现为呼吸浅快、喘不过气的感觉 (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。严重时可能出现'''过度换气'''导致的头晕、手脚麻木等症状。 * '''出汗和颤抖:''' 过度焦虑会引起身体出汗(手心冒汗、盗汗等)和发抖。患者可能感到全身发冷或发热,但却不停冒汗,同时四肢或身体不自主地战栗 ( 焦虑症 ) (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。 * '''肌肉紧张和疼痛:''' 长期焦虑会使肌肉持续处于紧张状态,常见的有肩颈僵硬、腰背酸痛或身体某些部位紧绷的感觉 ( 科普知识 - 你了解呼吸放松法吗?-北京大学第六医院 )。有的人会出现紧张性头痛(头部如紧箍感)以及身体某些局部的疼痛。 * '''胃肠不适:''' 焦虑和肠胃反应密切相关。很多人在焦虑时会感到胃部不适、恶心,甚至腹泻或肠道易激惹等症状 ( 焦虑症 ) (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。这也是应激反应的一部分,肠胃受到自主神经影响而“闹情绪”。 * '''头晕和乏力:''' 强烈的焦虑可能让人感到头昏、眩晕,仿佛要晕倒一样。同时,由于长时间的精神高度紧张,患者常常觉得身体虚弱无力,精力被焦虑消耗殆尽,整日疲惫 (焦虑障碍 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际)。 焦虑的身心症状会相互影响:心理上的恐惧会加剧身体不适,而身体症状又强化了心理上的担忧。例如,感觉心跳加速可能让人更加恐惧,担心出现心脏问题,从而进一步升级恐慌。这种恶性循环正是焦虑症折磨人的原因之一。
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