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Openai/69174844-9774-8012-8b69-32262ca5e35a
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===== : ===== * 对称性 ↔ 代数 ↔ 守恒量:Noether 定理。 * 李群/李代数: - U(1)U(1)U(1):电磁相位对称; - SU(2)SU(2)SU(2):弱相互作用; - SU(3)SU(3)SU(3):强相互作用(量子色动力学 QCD)。 * 表示理论:粒子种类 ↔ 群的不可约表示(例如旋量表示)。 * 洛伦兹群与旋量理论: - SO(3,1)SO(3,1)SO(3,1)、其双覆盖 SL(2,C)SL(2,\mathbb{C})SL(2,C)。 - 狄拉克矩阵、Weyl 旋量、Majorana 旋量都出自此。 :
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