Editing Openai/69186d20-2d14-8013-b9c6-c09000f173f6 (section)

===== What’s solid: =====
* Old Irish: arán “bread”.
* Modern Irish / Scottish Gaelic / Manx all have very similar forms for “bread”.
* Across Celtic you have a clearly related set: - Welsh: bara “bread” - Breton: bara - Cornish: bara

So there is a Proto-Celtic “bread” word behind all of these, commonly reconstructed as something like ''arāno- / ''arano- “bread, loaf”. Irish arán continues that shape more directly; Welsh/Breton/Cornish reflect a slightly different reflex (bara) from the same proto-item.

Further up:
* Most etymological treatments connect this Proto-Celtic “bread” to a broader IE “grind / prepare (grain)” family (same general semantic field as “grind, meal, grain”), but the exact PIE reconstruction and the chain of sound changes are fussy and not completely agreed.
'' Crucially: it’s not a loan from Latin ''panis*; it’s an old Celtic word with internal Celtic cognates (Irish arán ~ Welsh bara etc.).

So for your mental map:

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