Editing Openai/69583c2c-a37c-8000-afdc-414b1969a98a (section)

==== 🧠 Key Findings from Human Studies ====

===== ✅ Replacing Saturated Fat with Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFAs) Lowers Heart Risk =====
* Large long-term cohort studies show that people who eat more polyunsaturated fats (like those found in many seed oils) and less saturated fat tend to have a lower risk of coronary heart disease and related deaths. PubMed<ref>{{cite web|title=PubMed|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26429077/|publisher=pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-02}}</ref>
* Meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials indicate that replacing energy from saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats lowers LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Harvard Gazette<ref>{{cite web|title=Harvard Gazette|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2010/03/polyunstaturated-fats-may-cut-risk-of-heart-disease/|publisher=Harvard Gazette|access-date=2026-01-02}}</ref>

===== 📉 Better Mortality When Unsaturated Fats Replace Saturated Fats =====
* Studies tracking millions of person-years find that higher PUFA intake is associated with lower total mortality, whereas saturated fat intake tends to be neutral or somewhat higher for all-cause mortality. JAMA Network<ref>{{cite web|title=JAMA Network|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2530902|publisher=JAMA Network|access-date=2026-01-02}}</ref>
* Replacing just ~5% of calories from saturated fat with PUFAs has been linked to significant reductions in total and cardiovascular mortality risk in several analyses. JAMA Network<ref>{{cite web|title=JAMA Network|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2530902|publisher=JAMA Network|access-date=2026-01-02}}</ref>

===== 🧪 Context Matters =====
* Some observational evidence shows no clear direct link between saturated fat and disease on its own when not considering what replaces it, and the quality of evidence can vary. PubMed<ref>{{cite web|title=PubMed|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26268692/|publisher=pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-02}}</ref>
* That is, many older studies didn’t account for what nutrient replaced saturated fat (e.g., refined carbs vs. PUFAs), which makes interpretation harder. PubMed<ref>{{cite web|title=PubMed|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26185980/|publisher=pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-02}}</ref>