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Openai/69256df6-133c-8005-ae25-fcf7c8af0f22
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===== 大規模言語モデル(LLM)は、数十億〜数千億パラメータを持つことがあります。このようなモデルを1つのGPUに収めるのはほぼ不可能なので、複数GPUで分散学習します。分散学習には主に2種類があります: ===== # データ並列(Data Parallelism) - 各GPUにモデルのコピーを置き、ミニバッチを分割して学習。 - 1ステップごとに勾配(gradients)の同期が必要。 - 通信量は モデルのパラメータ数 × 4バイト(float32の場合) に比例。 - 大規模モデルでは勾配同期がボトルネックになりやすい。 # モデル並列(Model Parallelism) - モデル自体をGPU間で分割。 - 順伝播/逆伝播時に中間テンソルの転送が必要。 - 1ステップごとの通信量が多く、レイテンシが高いと学習速度に直結して影響。
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