Jump to content
Main menu
Main menu
move to sidebar
hide
Navigation
Main page
Recent changes
Random page
freem
Search
Search
Appearance
Create account
Log in
Personal tools
Create account
Log in
Pages for logged out editors
learn more
Contributions
Talk
Editing
蚂蚁会自杀么
(section)
Add languages
Page
Discussion
English
Read
Edit
Edit source
View history
Tools
Tools
move to sidebar
hide
Actions
Read
Edit
Edit source
View history
General
What links here
Related changes
Special pages
Page information
Appearance
move to sidebar
hide
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
=== 繁殖后的自毁行为('''单次繁殖,毕生即终''') === 许多物种在完成繁殖使命后不久便死亡,这是其生命周期策略的一部分,被称为**单次繁殖(semelparity)**或“自杀式繁殖”。典型例子包括: * '''章鱼母亲的自我毁灭''':许多八爪鱼(章鱼)雌性在产卵后出现惊人的自残行为。当卵快要孵化时,章鱼妈妈会停止进食,离开藏身处,表现出'''强烈的自我毁灭倾向''' (Octopuses torture and eat themselves after mating. Science finally knows why. | Live Science)。她可能反复撞击岩石、撕咬自己的触腕,甚至'''啃食自己的身体''' (Octopuses torture and eat themselves after mating. Science finally knows why. | Live Science)。最终母章鱼在幼体孵化前死亡。研究发现,章鱼产卵后体内胆固醇代谢和类固醇激素水平发生剧烈变化,触发这一“自杀”过程 (Octopuses torture and eat themselves after mating. Science finally knows why. | Live Science)。这种行为的进化意义可能在于:避免母体在幼崽孵化后因饥饿去捕食其他幼崽(章鱼有同类相食倾向),通过母亲的死亡来'''保障下一代的安全''' (Octopuses torture and eat themselves after mating. Science finally knows why. | Live Science)。科学家提出,这种 '''程控死亡''' 可能是为了防止成年章鱼吃掉自己的后代,或通过母体尸体释放营养物质来喂养幼崽 (Octopuses torture and eat themselves after mating. Science finally knows why. | Live Science)。 * '''鲑鱼洄游产卵后死亡''':太平洋鲑鱼是著名的“一生只繁殖一次”动物。当它们历尽千辛万苦洄游到出生地产卵后,便会迅速衰老死亡 (Salmon run - Wikipedia)。所有太平洋鲑鱼在产卵后都会死亡,体内激素水平的剧变导致器官衰竭和免疫系统崩溃 (For some salmon species like Pacific salmon, they die after ...)。这一策略将所有积蓄的能量投入繁殖,使下一代受益:产卵后的亲鱼尸体往往留在溪流中分解,释放养分,滋养幼鱼和生态系统。这种**“大投一次”**的繁殖模式在进化上有利于环境严酷、繁殖机会有限的物种。与其保留体力过冬,不如倾尽全力产下尽可能多的卵,以确保有后代延续基因。 * '''小型有袋动物(囊鼠)的雄性交配后死亡''':澳大利亚的袋鼩属(如''Antechinus'')小型有袋兽有着罕见的哺乳动物'''自杀式繁殖'''现象。每年繁殖季节极其短暂,所有雄性都会在数周内与尽可能多的雌性交配,随后因过度消耗而集体死亡 (Wild sex leads to 'reproductive suicide' - Australian Geographic)。研究称雄性囊鼠在这场“交配狂欢”中耗尽所有能量和体力,压力荷尔蒙飙升导致免疫系统完全崩溃,最终出现生理性衰竭(类似“激素中毒”)而死亡 (Wild sex leads to 'reproductive suicide' - Australian Geographic)。此前科学家推测这一行为可能是为了减少繁殖后对食物的竞争,把更多资源留给孕育后代的雌性和新生幼崽 (Wild sex leads to 'reproductive suicide' - Australian Geographic)。最新研究则发现,更直接的驱动力是'''精子竞争压力''':由于雌性发情期极短且会与多只雄性交配,雄性只能通过不计代价地大量交配来保证传递基因,即使这意味着自身的生命代价 (Wild sex leads to 'reproductive suicide' - Australian Geographic)。这种繁殖策略在进化上成功的前提是,牺牲所有雄性换取雌性成功怀孕,从而保证了种族的延续。
Summary:
Please note that all contributions to freem are considered to be released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (see
Freem:Copyrights
for details). If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then do not submit it here.
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource.
Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)