Editing Openai/696f389a-9774-8012-bba6-ff34fcfb6220 (section)

=== Assistant: Short answer past 20 years, excluding Peace Prize: ===
Short answer (past ~20 years, excluding Peace Prize):
* Total number (universities/colleges by country affiliation): United States produces by far the most Nobel laureates in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Economics through its universities and research institutions (dominant share historically and continuing this century). Forbes<ref>{{cite web|title=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2016/10/17/the-10-universities-with-the-most-nobel-prize-winning-work-from-2000-to-2016/|publisher=forbes.com|date=2016-10-17|access-date=2026-01-21}}</ref>
* Per capita (science/economics laureates): Smaller nations with strong research intensity like Switzerland and Sweden rank highest once population is accounted for — i.e., they have produced the most Nobel science laureates per capita. Areppim<ref>{{cite web|title=Areppim|url=https://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nobelhierarchy_percapita.htm|publisher=stats.areppim.com|access-date=2026-01-21}}</ref>

So:
# United States = most in absolute terms overall. Forbes<ref>{{cite web|title=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2016/10/17/the-10-universities-with-the-most-nobel-prize-winning-work-from-2000-to-2016/|publisher=forbes.com|date=2016-10-17|access-date=2026-01-21}}</ref>
# Switzerland / Sweden = highest per-capita Nobel science output. Areppim<ref>{{cite web|title=Areppim|url=https://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nobelhierarchy_percapita.htm|publisher=stats.areppim.com|access-date=2026-01-21}}</ref>

(Exact per-capita numbers vary by field and method, but these patterns hold across recent analyses.)