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Openai/69174844-9774-8012-8b69-32262ca5e35a
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=== Assistant: 非常好的问题——“肖特基接触”和“欧姆接触”是半导体器件物理中最基本、但也最容易混淆的两个概念。下面我用清晰分层的方式解释它们的物理本质、能带结构、制备方法与应用区别。 === 非常好的问题——“肖特基接触”和“欧姆接触”是半导体器件物理中最基本、但也最容易混淆的两个概念。下面我用清晰分层的方式解释它们的物理本质、能带结构、制备方法与应用区别。 ==== | | | | ==== | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | ==== ### ==== 当金属(功函数 φ_m)与 n 型半导体(功函数 φ_s)接触时: * 若 φ_m > φ_s,金属的功函数较大,电子从半导体流向金属; * 半导体表面出现耗尽层,能带上弯; * 形成肖特基势垒 ΦB = φ_m - χ_s(χ_s 为半导体电子亲和势); * 电流需通过热激发或隧穿越过势垒。 📈 结果:正向偏压时电流大(势垒降低),反向偏压时电流小(势垒增高) 👉 这就是整流特性(如二极管)。 : ===== 要形成欧姆接触,需要让界面势垒几乎消失或载流子可轻易隧穿: ===== * 重掺杂半导体接触区 → 耗尽层极薄(几纳米); * 载流子可通过量子隧穿效应自由通过; * 电流与电压成正比,I = V / R_c,其中 R_c 是接触电阻。 📈 结果:无整流效应,表现为线性 I–V 特性。 ==== | | | | ==== | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ==== 1. 肖特基接触例子 - 器件:肖特基二极管 - 典型结构:Au–n-Si - 特点:开关快、反向恢复时间短 - 应用:高速整流、电源、射频电路 ==== # 欧姆接触例子 - 器件:MOSFET 源极/漏极接触、LED 电极 - 典型结构:Al–n⁺-Si,Au–p⁺-GaAs - 目标:降低接触电阻,保证载流子高效注入/提取 ==== : ==== 如果你希望,我可以帮你画出这两种接触的能带图对比(在不同偏压下),能更直观地理解电流方向与势垒变化。 要我画一张图说明吗?
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