Editing Openai/6752ae3c-6adc-8013-8e0d-3d21e62107f1 (section)

=== Assistant: No, the push method in JavaScript typically has a time complexity of O1 in most cases, not On, even though it operates … ===
No, the <code>push</code> method in JavaScript typically has a time complexity of O(1) in most cases, not O(n), even though it operates on a dynamic array. Here's why:

===== Why push is O(1) in most cases =====
# Dynamic Array Resizing: - JavaScript arrays are implemented as dynamic arrays. They automatically resize when their capacity is exceeded. - When the current capacity of the array is enough to accommodate the new element, the push method simply appends the element to the end of the array. This operation takes constant time, O(1).
# Occasional Resizing: - If the array's capacity is exceeded, the engine needs to allocate more memory, copy all the existing elements to the new memory space, and then append the new element. This resizing operation takes O(n) time, where n is the current number of elements in the array. - However, resizing does not occur on every push operation. Resizing is amortized over many push calls, so the amortized time complexity of push is still O(1).

===== Why Resizing is Rare =====

Dynamic arrays typically grow in capacity by a factor of 1.5 to 2 (e.g., doubling the size when needed). This means the number of expensive resize operations becomes logarithmic relative to the number of elements pushed, which keeps the amortized time complexity at O(1).

===== Key Takeaway =====
* In practice: push is O(1) for most individual calls.
* Amortized complexity: Over many push operations, the average cost per operation remains O(1).
* Worst case (during resizing): A single push could be O(n), but this happens infrequently.

So, while JavaScript arrays are dynamic, their internal implementation ensures efficient resizing, keeping the push method fast for typical use.