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帆船运动
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=== 帆船的主要类型 === 帆船按船体数量可分为单体船和多体船两大类。其中'''单体船'''(Monohull)只有一个船体,是传统最常见的帆船形式;'''多体船'''则有两个或以上的船体,包括'''双体船'''(Catamaran,两船体)和'''三体船'''(Trimaran,三船体)等。单体船通常依靠重龙骨(压载物)来保持稳定,船底装有压舱物以降低重心、提高抗倾覆能力 (Sailboat - Wikipedia)。在竞赛型单体帆船中,压载物重量可占船重的50% (Sailboat - Wikipedia)。这种设计使单体船即使完全侧翻,也能在压舱龙骨作用下自行扶正恢复;同时压载物带来的巨大惯性使单体船机动性稍逊,起速较慢 (Sailboat - Wikipedia)。相反,多体船(如双体、三体船)通常没有重压载物,而是利用多个船体分布的宽广几何结构来保持稳定性 (Sailboat - Wikipedia)。多体船结构轻盈、吃水浅,在相同风力下加速更快,容易进入滑行状态以减少浸湿面积和阻力 (Sailboat - Wikipedia)。由于船体内常设有浮力舱,即使进水多体船也不易下沉 (Sailboat - Wikipedia)。多体船的缺点是如果完全翻覆(上下颠倒),很难依靠自身力量翻正,除非船体很小或配备专门翻转装置 (Sailboat - Wikipedia)。另外,多体船因重量小惯性低,在迎风调头时(tacking)更容易失速,操作要求更高 (Sailboat - Wikipedia)。综上,单体船稳健抗风浪、操控传统,多体船高速灵活、对抗倾覆需谨慎,两者各有适用场景。
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