Editing Openai/695c860c-fb24-8010-a014-a687d2d61cb3 (section)

==== - Yes: The Bill of Rights was understood as declaratory of pre-existing rights. ====
* Yes: Federalists thought it redundant because Congress lacked enumerated power to violate those rights.
* No: That redundancy was not understood to bind states absent explicit text.
* Yes: After 1868, treating incorporation as discretionary is indefensible.

If you want, the next productive step is to separate “natural right existence” from “jurisdictional binding”, because the Founders clearly did — and modern incorporation doctrine collapses precisely because it fails to keep those categories distinct.