Editing Openai/690e0c6e-a0a0-8008-a8d6-170f8b930892 (section)

==== C. Analytical-Marxist Reconstructions ====

(Accepts Marx’s intuition but rebuilds it using modern microeconomics and game theory.)
# John Roemer, ''A General Theory of Exploitation and Class'' (Harvard University Press, 1982). — Defines exploitation without the labour-theory of value: as unequal advantage due to property relations and feasible alternatives.
# Jon Elster, ''Making Sense of Marx'' (Cambridge University Press, 1985). — Integrates rational-choice and game theory to clarify exploitation as structural, not moral, and to separate value theory from exploitation theory.
# Erik Olin Wright, ''Classes'' (Verso, 1985). — Empirically operationalizes class and exploitation, measuring “contradictory class locations” in modern economies.
# Hillel Steiner, “A Liberal Theory of Exploitation” Ethics 94 (2), 1984. — A non-Marxian reconstruction showing that even within liberal theory, property rights can generate exploitative outcomes if endowments are unequal.