Editing Openai/691ef1a1-976c-800d-bd1d-06358880de2a (section)

==== - Mughal empire: Historical accounts record multiple massacres and forced conversions.  Beyond Chittorgarh (~30,000 slainen.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Chittorgarh_(1567%E2%80%931568|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref>#:~:text=After%20capturing%20the%20fort%20on,23)), Aurangzeb’s reign saw large-scale killings (e.g. execution of rebellious Rajputs, mass deaths after Golconda siege).  Persecution of Sikhs under Aurangzeb (9th Guru executedsikhmissionarysociety.org<ref>{{cite web|title=sikhmissionarysociety.org|url=https://www.sikhmissionarysociety.org/sms/smsarticles/advisorypanel/inderjeet-singh/understanding-the-martyrdom-of-guru-tegh-bahadar-using-17th-and-18th-century-sources/#:~:text=Guru%2C%20to%20display%20some%20miracle,15|publisher=sikhmissionarysociety.org|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref>), threats to Brahmins, and jizya enforcement indicate targeted oppression.  Contemporary chronicles and later scholars (e.g. Satish Chandra) emphasize these events.  Temple desecrations at Chittor and Sirhind (and elsewhere in Mughal campaigns) are documented in Mughal and local sourcesen.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Chittorgarh_(1567%E2%80%931568|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref>#:~:text=After%20capturing%20the%20fort%20on,23)sikhmissionarysociety.org<ref>{{cite web|title=sikhmissionarysociety.org|url=https://www.sikhmissionarysociety.org/sms/smsarticles/advisorypanel/inderjeet-singh/understanding-the-martyrdom-of-guru-tegh-bahadar-using-17th-and-18th-century-sources/#:~:text=HR%20Gupta%20mentions%20that%20the,10|publisher=sikhmissionarysociety.org|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref>. ====
* Maratha empire: The major recorded massacres involve wartime raids.  The Bengal Bargi raids alone may have killed hundreds of thousands (Chaudhuri estimates ~400,000)academia.edu<ref>{{cite web|title=academia.edu|url=https://www.academia.edu/101844893/HISTORICAL_OVERVIEW_OF_BENGAL_AND_SOCIAL_EXCLUSION?uc-sb-sw=12311588#:~:text=would%20put%20the%20man%20to,in%20the%20Bargi%20raids%2C%20including|publisher=academia.edu|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref>.  In Rohilkhand, villagers suffered torture and death if they failed tribute demandsen.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire#:~:text=the%20Marathas%20perpetrated%20atrocities%20against,70|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref>.  However, the Marathas did not systematically convert or kill people for religious reasons.  No large-scale forced conversion is recorded under Maratha rule, and they generally allowed religious autonomy (often patronizing Hindu institutions).  Maratha atrocities were thus more episodic and economic in motivation.  For example, the Sringeri temple incidenten.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War#:~:text=after%20they%20had%20committed%20treason%2C,funds%20to%20help%20restore%20the|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref> shows violence against Hindus, but it was an isolated wartime sacrilege (even Tipu Sultan responded by helping rebuild it)en.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War#:~:text=after%20they%20had%20committed%20treason%2C,funds%20to%20help%20restore%20the|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref>.  Modern historians note that Maratha violence, while brutal, was generally “commensurate with 18th-century Indian warfare”academia.edu<ref>{{cite web|title=academia.edu|url=https://www.academia.edu/101844893/HISTORICAL_OVERVIEW_OF_BENGAL_AND_SOCIAL_EXCLUSION?uc-sb-sw=12311588#:~:text=Maharashtra%20Purana%3A7%20They%20repeatedly%20shouted%2C,in%20the%20Bargi%20raids%2C%20including|publisher=academia.edu|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref>en.wikipedia.org<ref>{{cite web|title=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire#:~:text=the%20Marathas%20perpetrated%20atrocities%20against,70|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-20}}</ref> – severe, but not explicitly genocide or mass religious persecution.