Editing Openai/69186d20-2d14-8013-b9c6-c09000f173f6 (section)

=== Assistant: 2511141446ET ===
251114_1446ET

i’ll go word by word; groupings just to keep it readable.

==== ### ====
* Meaning: “(he/she/it) speaks”, present habitual of labhair “to speak”.
* Form: labhair (verb) → labhraíonn = 3rd person singular present.
* Syntax: Irish is VSO, so Labhraíonn sé Gaeilge = “Speaks he Irish”.
* IPA (Std-ish): /ˈl̪ˠəu̯ɾʲiːn̪ˠ/ (Duolingo voice may be closer to /laˈɾˠiːn̪ˠ/).
* Etymology: Old Irish labraim “I speak, talk”, probably from Proto-Celtic labar- “talkative, noisy”; related to adjectives in Scottish Gaelic (labhairt “speech”).

===== - Meaning: “I speak”. =====
* Form: 1st person singular present of labhair.
* IPA: /ˈl̪ˠəu̯ɾʲaːmʲ/ (~ “LOWR-awm”).
* Note: Irish conjugates mostly with personal endings: - labhraím I speak, labhraíonn tú you speak, labhraíonn sé/sí he/she speaks, etc.

==== ### ====
* Meaning: “he / it” (subject form).
* IPA: /ʃeː/.
* Grammar: 3rd sg. masculine subject pronoun.
* Etymology: Old Irish sé, from Proto-Celtic esjo < PIE h₁éso etc. (same broad family as Latin is, English “is”, “he/it” type forms).

===== - Meaning: “she / it” (subject). =====
* IPA: /ʃiː/.
* Grammar: 3rd sg. feminine subject pronoun.
* Etymology: Old Irish sí, same pronoun family as sé with feminine marking.

: 

===== - Meaning: given name “Seán” (= John). =====
* IPA: /ʃɑːn̪ˠ/.
* Etymology: Irish adaptation of Norman French Jean < Latin Iohannes < Hebrew Yōḥānān “Yahweh has been gracious.”

==== ### ====
* Meaning: “Irish (language)”.
* IPA: /ˈɡeːlʲɟə/ (often realised /ˈɡeːlʲgʲə/).
* Morphology: from Gael + -ge / -ige “language of → X-ish language”.
* Etymology: Old Irish Goídelc “Irish (language)” → later Gaeilge; Gael < Old Irish Goídel, probably from a Brittonic word for “raider/foreigner”.

===== - Meaning: “English (language)”. =====
* IPA: /ˈbʲeːɾˠl̪ˠə/.
* Original meaning: Old Irish bérla “speech, language, vernacular”; only later specialised to “English”.
* Etymology: from Old Irish verb beirid “carry, bear; say” + derivational suffix → “the speech”, then narrowed to the dominant foreign speech = English.

===== - Meaning: “Spanish (language)”. =====
* IPA: /ˈsˠpˠaːnʲɪʃ/.
* Morphology: Spáinn “Spain” + -is (language suffix).
* Etymology: Spáinn < Latin Hispania; -is is a productive Irish suffix for languages (like English “Spanish”).

===== - Meaning: “French (language)”. =====
* IPA: /ˈfˠɾˠaŋʲcɪʃ/ (quality of the nasal varies by dialect).
* Morphology: Frainc “France/French” + -is.
* Etymology: Frainc < Old French/Latin Francus “Frank” (Germanic tribe) → “French”.

==== ### ====
* Meaning: “and”.
* IPA: /ˈaɡəsˠ/.
* Etymology: Old Irish ocus, 7 (7 was the scribal symbol), probably from Proto-Celtic okʷe “and” (compare Latin -que).

===== - Meaning: “every, each”. =====
* IPA: /ɡax ~ ɡɑx/ (broad ch [x] as in German Bach).
* Syntax: takes singular noun: gach lá “every day”, gach maidin “every morning”.
* Etymology: Old Irish cech “each, every” (spelling shifted; pronunciation already [gax]-ish in many dialects).

==== ### ====
* Meaning: “day”.
* IPA: /l̪ˠaː/.
'' Etymology: Old Irish lá “day” < Proto-Celtic lāwos < PIE ''leh₂w- “light, day” (cf. Latin lūx, maybe “light”).

===== - Meaning: “morning”. =====
* IPA: /ˈmˠadʲənʲ/ (Duolingo might be closer to /ˈmˠadʲɪnʲ/).
* Etymology: Old Irish maidin, matin “morning”, from Latin mattīnus / matutinus “of the morning” (Christian Latin liturgical influence).

===== - gach lá – “every day” /ɡax ˈl̪ˠaː/. =====
* gach maidin – “every morning” /ɡax ˈmˠadʲənʲ/.
* Note: gach forces singular noun even though the meaning is distributive/plural.

==== ### ====
* Meaning: “frequent, often”.
* IPA: /ˈmʲɪnʲɪcʲ/.
* Etymology: Old Irish menicc, minic “frequent, often”; very old Celtic adjective.

===== - In go minic, go is an adverb-forming particle, often glossable as “in a X way / X-ly”: - go mall “slowly”, - go tapa “quickly”, - go minic “often, frequently”. =====
* IPA: /ɡə/.
* Historically from preposition co “to, until” used in adverbial constructions, grammaticalised as a particle.

===== - Meaning: “often”. =====
* IPA: /ɡə ˈmʲɪnʲɪcʲ/.
* In Labhraím Gaeilge go minic. → “I speak Irish often.”

if you want to drill further, we can next:
* run through full present tense paradigm of labhair, or
* do a “broad vs slender” autopsy on each consonant in gach maidin, Fraincis, Gaeilge, Béarla the way we did for uisce / caife.