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糖尿病
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== 糖尿病概述 == 糖尿病是一组以血糖持续升高(高血糖)为特征的代谢性疾病,其发生是由于胰腺胰岛素分泌不足或机体对胰岛素的作用利用障碍所致 ( 糖尿病 )。长期未控制的高血糖会对全身多个系统(特别是神经和血管)造成损害,导致各种急慢性并发症 ( 糖尿病 )。全球糖尿病的流行率正持续上升:据统计,糖尿病患者人数已从1990年的约2亿增加到2022年的约8.3亿,全球18岁以上人群患病率从7%升高至14% ( 糖尿病 ) ( 糖尿病 )。糖尿病已成为严重的公共卫生问题。2021年,糖尿病是全球160万例死亡的直接原因,47%的糖尿病死亡发生在70岁之前;另有约53万例死亡归因于糖尿病导致的肾脏疾病,高血糖还导致了约11%的心血管疾病死亡 ( 糖尿病 )。糖尿病患者发生心脏病、中风等严重疾病的风险显著增加,若不积极治疗,将对个人健康和医疗体系带来沉重负担 ( 糖尿病 )。
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