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== 留学定义与背景 == (留学 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书) (International student - Wikipedia)留学一般是指为了学习而离开本国到海外求学的行为。“留学”原意是到异地上学,如今特指离开国境到国外就读,也叫“留洋”,参加者称为留学生 (留学 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书)。现代意义的留学在19世纪后逐步兴起,不少国家开始派遣学生出国学习先进知识(例如1872年清政府派遣幼童赴美留学 (留学 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书))。二战后,随着全球化和教育交流的发展,各国政府和高校建立了多种交换项目和奖学金(如美国在1946年设立的富布赖特学术交流计划等),推动了国际留学的普及。进入21世纪,出国留学人数迅速增长。据统计,'''2018年全球国际留学生已达约560万人,占全球高等学生约2% ([PDF] EURIE 2021 - International Association of Universities)''';到2021年这一数字超过639万 (International student - Wikipedia)。美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚等英语国家以及欧洲部分国家是主要留学目的地,近年来亚洲的日本、新加坡等也吸引了大量留学生。总体趋势上,中国、印度等新兴国家的学生构成了留学主力,全球“留学热”仍在持续,但受地缘政策和疫情影响,各国留学政策和流动趋势出现阶段性波动。 [[File:Study.png|left|thumb]] (Study Abroad Photos, Download The BEST Free Study Abroad Stock Photos & HD Images) ''在海外高校的图书馆中学习的学生们。现代留学涉及进入不同国家的教育体系,与各国学生共同学习,这对留学生的学术能力和跨文化适应力都是锻炼。''
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