Editing Openai/69101fc6-f990-800a-9638-7716259af6c4 (section)

=== (key actives: Ca-AKG, creatine, glycine, L-theanine, reduced glutathione, sodium hyaluronate, vitamin C, lysine, taurine, Ca/Mg) ===
* Blood glutathione (GSH) ↑ ~15–30% by 12–24 weeks (dose-dependent) Measure: whole blood/RBC GSH (specialty labs) Why: direct GSH + cysteine donors raise intracellular antioxidant capacity and improve redox status. Penn State<ref>{{cite web|title=Penn State|url=https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/randomized-controlled-trial-of-oral-glutathione-supplementation-o|publisher=Penn State|access-date=2025-11-09}}</ref>PubMed<ref>{{cite web|title=PubMed|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24791752/|publisher=pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2025-11-09}}</ref>
* Lean mass / strength ↑ small-to-moderate if you’re resistance training (e.g., +0.3–1.0 kg LBM; ↑ grip or 1RM) Measure: DXA for lean mass; dynamometer/1RM logs Why: creatine increases phosphocreatine stores, improving training volume and muscle accretion. (General RCT consensus; no single web source cited here.)
* Skin hydration/elastance ↑ within 8–12 weeks from oral hyaluronan Measure: corneometer (hydration), cutometer (elasticity) in derm clinics/devices Why: HA improves dermal water retention and extracellular matrix viscoelasticity. ScienceDirect<ref>{{cite web|title=ScienceDirect|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299125000198|publisher=sciencedirect.com|access-date=2025-11-09}}</ref>ClinicalTrials.gov<ref>{{cite web|title=ClinicalTrials.gov|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06377631|publisher=clinicaltrials.gov|access-date=2025-11-09}}</ref>
* Blood pressure / stress markers: L-theanine may blunt stress responses (e.g., salivary α-amylase/HRV under stress), but everyday BP changes are inconsistent; taurine has small BP benefits in some trials → expect minimal to small effects at 90 d unless hypertensive. (Evidence mixed; not citing a single definitive source.)
* Ca-AKG (α-ketoglutarate): promising animal data; limited human RCT evidence for concrete biomarker shifts in healthy adults over 90 d. Treat as exploratory.