Editing Openai/690e0c6e-a0a0-8008-a8d6-170f8b930892 (section)

==== These works stick more closely to Marx’s original conceptual framework (surplus value, labour theory of value, class appropriation) and emphasise systemic tendencies of capitalism rather than individual optimisation. ====
# Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy – “Exploitation” entry — discusses Marx’s account and how modern theorists interpret it. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<ref>{{cite web|title=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/exploitation/|publisher=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|access-date=2025-11-12}}</ref> - Emphasises: Marx’s claim that workers produce value above what they receive (wages) and the excess is appropriated by capitalists as surplus value. - Also covers debates about whether the labour theory of value is necessary for this.
# “Labour theory of value – ScienceDirect Topics” — a concise exposition of Marx’s value theory and how surplus-value arises from labour. ScienceDirect<ref>{{cite web|title=ScienceDirect|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/labor-theory-of-value|publisher=sciencedirect.com|access-date=2025-11-12}}</ref> - Good for understanding the original mechanism: value is socially necessary labour time, wage is labour power, difference = surplus value appropriated.
# “A Brief History, Scope, and Peculiarities of ‘Analytical Marxism’” — while about analytical Marxism, it points to how many neo/heterodox scholars seek to “rescue” aspects of Marx’s critique (value form, surplus value, class appropriation) even if they side-step controversies. SAGE Journals<ref>{{cite web|title=SAGE Journals|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0486613406293223|publisher=SAGE Journals|access-date=2025-11-12}}</ref> - Points out that some heterodox economists continue to stress the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall, immiseration thesis, etc. - See also “Immiseration Thesis” (Wikipedia) for the connection to labour share falling. Wikipedia<ref>{{cite web|title=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immiseration_thesis|publisher=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=2025-11-12}}</ref>

Summary takeaway for this camp: They take seriously the claim that the “equality” of wage-labour contracts conceals real appropriation of surplus value, and interpret modern phenomena (declining labour share, rising profits, market concentration) as consistent with the logic of capitalist class appropriation rather than simply power/monopoly frictions.