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糖尿病
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=== 生活方式干预 === 健康的生活方式是糖尿病管理的基石和最重要的治疗措施之一 ( 糖尿病 )。对于2型糖尿病及糖尿病前期患者,通过改善生活方式,有时可使血糖恢复正常或明显延缓病程进展。'''饮食管理'''方面,应控制总热量摄入,均衡营养,限制精制碳水化合物和含糖食品,多选择高纤维的蔬菜水果和全谷类主食以及适量优质蛋白质 ( 糖尿病 )。'''运动锻炼'''能够提高胰岛素敏感性,建议每周进行多次中等强度锻炼并减少久坐时间。'''减重'''对超重的2型糖尿病患者尤为重要,减轻5%~10%的体重即可显著改善血糖控制和血脂、血压,有助于减少心血管风险 ( 糖尿病 )。健康的生活方式干预不仅适用于糖尿病预防,对于已经患病的糖尿病人,同样是长期管理不可或缺的一部分。良好的饮食和运动习惯可以增强药物疗效、减少胰岛素用量,并降低并发症发生率。需要强调的是,生活方式改变应是长期且持续的,当成为日常习惯后,才能获得持久的健康收益。
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