Editing Openai/6897769e-4ee4-800f-aba5-69cca34f701c (section)

==== - Use Thomson cross-section as a conservative, frequency-independent floor: σT=6.65×10−29 m2\sigma_T = 6.65\times10^{-29}\,\mathrm m^2σT=6.65×10−29m2. ====
* For the Sun, the observed gravitational redshift/time-dilation factor at the photosphere is GM⊙/(R⊙c2)≈2.1×10−6GM_\odot/(R_\odot c^2)\approx 2.1\times10^{-6}GM⊙/(R⊙c2)≈2.1×10−6.

If we estimate the interplanetary electron column surrounding the Sun very conservatively as

N0∼∫R⊙∞ne(r′) dr′≈ne(IPM)L\mathcal N_0 \sim \int_{R_\odot}^{\infty} n_e(r')\,\mathrm d r'
\approx n_e^{\rm (IPM)} LN0∼∫R⊙∞ne(r′)dr′≈ne(IPM)L
with ne(IPM)∼5 cm−3=5×106 m−3n_e^{\rm (IPM)}\sim 5\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}=5\times10^6\,\mathrm m^{-3}ne(IPM)∼5cm−3=5×106m−3 and a scale L∼109 mL\sim 10^9\,\mathrm mL∼109m (order the solar radius), then N0∼5×1015 m−2\mathcal N_0\sim 5\times10^{15}\,\mathrm m^{-2}N0∼5×1015m−2.

This gives a fractional shift

δRR∼σTN0∼(6.7×10−29)(5×1015)∼3×10−13,\frac{\delta R}{R}\sim \sigma_T \mathcal N_0 \sim (6.7\times10^{-29})(5\times10^{15}) \sim 3\times10^{-13},RδR∼σTN0∼(6.7×10−29)(5×1015)∼3×10−13,
which is ~7 orders smaller than the GR value 2×10−62\times10^{-6}2×10−6 at the Sun’s surface. In other words:

: 

That’s actually good news for QAT’s stance: your EM-boundary mechanism should be read as a tiny, thermodynamic/decoherence-style correction that rides on top of (and is consistent with) GR, not a replacement.

(If one tries to force κ⋆∼1\kappa_\star\sim 1κ⋆∼1 by making N0\mathcal N_0N0 enormous, you quickly run into conflicts with transparency, observed spectra, and well-measured gravitational redshift experiments. So nature is telling us the EM piece is a perturbation, not the main driver.)