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Openai/69174844-9774-8012-8b69-32262ca5e35a
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=== Assistant: 完全正确!你总结得非常到位。💡 === 完全正确!你总结得非常到位。💡 * 有质量粒子:总能量 E=m2+∣p∣2E = \sqrt{m^2 + |\mathbf{p}|^2}E=m2+∣p∣2 - 可以让动量 p=0\mathbf{p} = 0p=0,此时 E=mE = mE=m → 静止系存在 * 无质量粒子:总能量 E=∣p∣E = |\mathbf{p}|E=∣p∣ - 如果 p=0\mathbf{p} = 0p=0,则 E=0E = 0E=0 → 不存在非零能量态 - 所以无质量粒子永远必须运动 → 沿某个方向选参考动量,例如 (E,0,0,E)(E,0,0,E)(E,0,0,E) 这正是光子、胶子、引力波等无质量粒子没有静止系的原因,也是分析它们自选自由度时必须沿动量方向定义小群(ISO(2))的基础。 如果你愿意,我可以帮你画一张图,把有质量粒子和无质量粒子的总能量-动量关系和参考动量的选择可视化,这样直观理解小群和自旋自由度就更清晰。 你希望我画吗?
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