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==== 6. 新興市場貨幣與國際投資者需求 ==== 與其他貨幣的相對強弱:日圓通常被視為避險貨幣而相對穩定,但最近幾年其表現甚至弱於許多新興市場貨币。按照實質有效匯率計算,自2019年底以來日圓的跌幅在主要貨幣中名列前茅,甚至超過了傳統上疲弱的土耳其里拉,僅次於埃及鎊brookings.edu<ref>{{cite web|title=brookings.edu|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/japans-falling-yen-and-fiscal-space/#:~:text=Yen%20weakness%20is%20really%20about,fiscal%20space|publisher=brookings.edu|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。造成這種異乎尋常走弱的原因正如上文所述,包括日本自身的超寬鬆政策和高舉債等因素。在新興亞幣中,人民幣的表現相對穩定,其貶值幅度明顯小於日圓,這引發一些討論:人民幣是否可能成為新的避險貨幣選項?有觀點指出,人民幣國際化進程加速,且中國保持了相對低通膨和嚴格的匯率管理,人民幣匯率波動受控。然而,目前人民幣在全球市場的流動性和可及性仍不及日圓等主要貨幣,這限制了大型投資者將其作為避險資產或主要儲備的意願home.saxo<ref>{{cite web|title=home.saxo|url=https://www.home.saxo/content/articles/forex/yuan-vs-yen-vs-franc-shifting-carry-trade-strategies-03072024#:~:text=from%20the%20trade,influencing%20the%20yuan%27s%20stability%20and|publisher=home.saxo|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。例如,Saxo銀行的分析強調,人民幣的全球市場流動性不如日圓和美元,這影響了執行大額交易和對沖的便利性home.saxo<ref>{{cite web|title=home.saxo|url=https://www.home.saxo/content/articles/forex/yuan-vs-yen-vs-franc-shifting-carry-trade-strategies-03072024#:~:text=from%20the%20trade,influencing%20the%20yuan%27s%20stability%20and|publisher=home.saxo|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。因此,短期內人民幣難以完全取代日圓在國際市場的角色,日圓與其他新興市場貨幣的強弱對比很大程度上還取決於日本自身政策和全球風險環境。 國際投資者的避險需求:日圓一直是國際投資組合中重要的避險和多元化工具。投資者青睞日圓是因為日本經濟和政治相對穩定、金融市場深厚且交易便利,再加上日本長期維持經常帳順差,提供了日圓在危機時期的支撐基礎reuters.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reuters.com|url=https://www.reuters.com/plus/cme/why-global-investors-turn-to-safe-haven-currencies#:~:text=when%20considering%20a%20currency%E2%80%99s%20safe,haven%20status|publisher=reuters.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>reuters.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reuters.com|url=https://www.reuters.com/plus/cme/why-global-investors-turn-to-safe-haven-currencies#:~:text=Japanese%20Yen%20,provides%20support%20during%20economic%20downturns|publisher=reuters.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。因此美元、瑞郎和日圓並稱為傳統三大安全貨幣,在市場不確定性高企時受到青睞reuters.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reuters.com|url=https://www.reuters.com/plus/cme/why-global-investors-turn-to-safe-haven-currencies#:~:text=when%20considering%20a%20currency%E2%80%99s%20safe,haven%20status|publisher=reuters.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。然而,近年日圓持續走低也引發部分質疑:日本長期的寬鬆和低利率使日圓吸引力下降,有觀點認為日圓已不再是理想的“國際儲蓄停泊地”貨幣chinadailyhk.com<ref>{{cite web|title=chinadailyhk.com|url=https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/594857#:~:text=However%2C%20the%20favorable%20factors%20that,More|publisher=chinadailyhk.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。特別是日本官方傾向於透過維持弱勢日圓來促進出口競爭力,這與避險資金尋求保值增值的目標相悖chinadailyhk.com<ref>{{cite web|title=chinadailyhk.com|url=https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/594857#:~:text=However%2C%20the%20favorable%20factors%20that,More|publisher=chinadailyhk.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。儘管如此,當前沒有明顯的替代品能完全取代日圓的避險地位。人民幣雖正崛起為區域性儲備貨幣,但考慮到其資本管制和市場深度,新興市場投資者在避險時仍主要選擇日圓、美元等傳統貨幣。實際上,每當出現全球性風險事件,日圓通常仍會獲得買盤支撐chinadailyhk.com<ref>{{cite web|title=chinadailyhk.com|url=https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/594857#:~:text=The%20yen%20has%20served%20as,expecting%20that%20yen%20to%20appreciate|publisher=chinadailyhk.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。國際清算銀行的統計也顯示,日圓在全球外匯交易中的份額仍高居前三。未來十年,國際投資者對日圓的需求可能出現結構性變化:在利差交易方面,如果日本利率上升、波動性增加,日圓作為融資貨幣的吸引力或減弱(資金可能轉向利率更低且匯率受控的貨幣,如某種程度受控貶值的人民幣home.saxo<ref>{{cite web|title=home.saxo|url=https://www.home.saxo/content/articles/forex/yuan-vs-yen-vs-franc-shifting-carry-trade-strategies-03072024#:~:text=,attractive%20option%20for%20carry%20trades|publisher=home.saxo|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>home.saxo<ref>{{cite web|title=home.saxo|url=https://www.home.saxo/content/articles/forex/yuan-vs-yen-vs-franc-shifting-carry-trade-strategies-03072024#:~:text=These%20factors%20could%20make%20the,yuan%20due%20to%20tariffs%20risks|publisher=home.saxo|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>);但在避險需求方面,只要日本維持金融穩定和巨額海外淨資產地位,日圓的避險功能就難以被完全替代。總而言之,其他新興市場貨幣的興起可能在邊際上削弱部分對日圓的需求,但日圓作為避險和國際儲備貨幣的核心地位在中期內依然穩固reuters.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reuters.com|url=https://www.reuters.com/plus/cme/why-global-investors-turn-to-safe-haven-currencies#:~:text=when%20considering%20a%20currency%E2%80%99s%20safe,haven%20status|publisher=reuters.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。
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