Editing Openai/6783e979-fa1b-48a4-a59f-bfe4c3d7ceca (section)

===== Role in Biological Processes =====

Cysteine PTMs are integral to the regulation of numerous biological processes, particularly in redox biology. These modifications modulate enzyme activity, protein-protein interactions, and cellular signaling pathways. For example, in plants, cysteine modifications like S-sulfenylation and S-glutathionylation are involved in the response to oxidative stress, regulating enzymes involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, and stress signaling.

In animals, cysteine PTMs regulate ion channels, such as potassium channels, through redox mechanisms involving thioredoxin. These modifications are crucial in cardiovascular health and the function of neurons and muscle cells.