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Openai/69174844-9774-8012-8b69-32262ca5e35a
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==== - 参考动量 prefμp_\text{ref}^\muprefμ 是用来定义小群的标准动量向量。 ==== * 它是四维矢量,因此有四个分量,也就是所谓“四个元”。 例子: # 有质量粒子静止系: prefμ=(m,0,0,0)p_\text{ref}^\mu = (m, 0, 0, 0)prefμ=(m,0,0,0) * 四个元: - p0=mp^0 = mp0=m (能量) - p1=p2=p3=0p^1 = p^2 = p^3 = 0p1=p2=p3=0 (空间动量为零) # 无质量粒子沿 z 方向: prefμ=(E,0,0,E)p_\text{ref}^\mu = (E, 0, 0, E)prefμ=(E,0,0,E) * 四个元: - p0=Ep^0 = Ep0=E (能量) - p1=0,p2=0,p3=Ep^1 = 0, p^2 = 0, p^3 = Ep1=0,p2=0,p3=E (沿 z 的动量)
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