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==== 5. 歷史走勢與週期性變動 ==== 過去30年日圓走勢回顧:從歷史數據看,日圓對美元匯率在過去30年大部分時間處於相對均衡的區間內波動,平均約為1美元兌103日圓左右foreignpolicy.com<ref>{{cite web|title=foreignpolicy.com|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/11/29/bank-of-japan-yen-depreciation-currency-inflation/#:~:text=The%20yen%20has%20seen%20shocking,old%20norm%20any%20time%20soon|publisher=foreignpolicy.com|date=2022-11-29|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。但期間出現過幾次顯著的偏離:1990年代中期日圓大幅升值(促成著名的廣場協議後續效應),2011年前後日圓升至戰後高點(美元/日圓一度跌破80),日本政府在2011年10月罕見直接拋售日圓以阻止其過度升值reuters.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reuters.com|url=https://www.reuters.com/graphics/JAPAN-YEN/EXPLAINER/xmvjnxjmbvr/#:~:text=%23%20Oct|publisher=reuters.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。隨後隨著日本實施「安倍經濟學」和量化寬鬆,日圓於2013-2015年顯著貶值至120上下。2022年日圓則處於歷史弱勢:因美日貨幣政策分化,美元/日圓升破150創下數十年新低,日本政府被迫在接近¥152時入市干預支撐匯價reuters.com<ref>{{cite web|title=reuters.com|url=https://www.reuters.com/graphics/JAPAN-YEN/EXPLAINER/xmvjnxjmbvr/#:~:text=%23%20Sept|publisher=reuters.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。可見日圓匯率歷史上呈現出階段性升貶交替的模式。 週期性與未來預測:日圓的週期性變動與全球經濟金融周期密切相關。一個常見模式是:當國際市場波動率低、利差擴大時,投資人大量借入低息日圓從事套利交易,日圓趨向走弱;而當出現市場動盪或利差縮小時,這些套利交易平倉,日圓會急劇升值privatebank.jpmorgan.com<ref>{{cite web|title=privatebank.jpmorgan.com|url=https://privatebank.jpmorgan.com/eur/en/insights/markets-and-investing/amid-rate-cuts-do-carry-trades-still-work#:~:text=a%C2%A0funder|publisher=privatebank.jpmorgan.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。換言之,日圓往往在全球寬鬆周期末期達到最弱,在緊縮周期或危機中走強。這種現象反覆出現在多個時期(如2006-2007年日圓疲軟,2008年危機時日圓飆升)。因此可以說日圓存在某種程度的週期性均值回歸特性:極端的弱勢或強勢往往難以長期維持,最終會向長期均值回調。展望未來十年,鑒於目前日圓實質有效匯率處於歷史低位,不少市場觀點預期隨著全球利率環境轉向,日圓有望逐步從谷底回升privatebank.jpmorgan.com<ref>{{cite web|title=privatebank.jpmorgan.com|url=https://privatebank.jpmorgan.com/eur/en/insights/markets-and-investing/amid-rate-cuts-do-carry-trades-still-work#:~:text=We%20expect%20moderate%20appreciation%20of,highly%20restrictive%20monetary%20policy%20to|publisher=privatebank.jpmorgan.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。特別是如果未來幾年美聯儲降息而BOJ緩步升息,這將逆轉此前壓低日圓的主要因素,帶來日圓階段性升值的可能。值得注意的是,多數預測認為日圓回升將是溫和的而非急劇飆升,因為BOJ收緊政策會非常漸進,美日利差的扭轉也是緩慢發生am.jpmorgan.com<ref>{{cite web|title=am.jpmorgan.com|url=https://am.jpmorgan.com/tw/en/asset-management/institutional/insights/market-insights/market-updates/on-the-minds-of-investors/will-the-bank-of-japan-derail-the-japanese-equity-bull-run/#:~:text=,stronger%20yen%20should%20be%20manageable|publisher=am.jpmorgan.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。例如,J.P.摩根預測日圓未來一年將溫和升值,同時強調利差變化不會引發日圓大幅暴漲am.jpmorgan.com<ref>{{cite web|title=am.jpmorgan.com|url=https://am.jpmorgan.com/tw/en/asset-management/institutional/insights/market-insights/market-updates/on-the-minds-of-investors/will-the-bank-of-japan-derail-the-japanese-equity-bull-run/#:~:text=,stronger%20yen%20should%20be%20manageable|publisher=am.jpmorgan.com|access-date=2025-11-10}}</ref>。總體而言,若無重大意外事件,日圓未來走勢大概率呈現為先抑後揚的曲線:當前弱勢的局面可能在數年內逐漸緩解,但要重回1990年代那樣的超強水準也不容易,需要觀察日本經濟基本面的配合。
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