Editing Openai/6897769e-4ee4-800f-aba5-69cca34f701c (section)

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Problem: EM interactions depend on charge, polarizability, electronic structure. Gravity couples to all energy the same way. If gravity arose directly from EM exchange, different materials (different opacities, polarizabilities) would fall differently.

Quantitative reasoning: Precision tests of the equivalence principle constrain differential accelerations between materials to parts in 10−1310^{−13}10−13 or better. EM cross-section variations are many orders of magnitude larger. So any EM-based mechanism must wash out microdifferences when coarse-grained — i.e., the emergent gravitational coupling must be phase-averaged / composition-independent.

How to rescue: Prove a uniqueness theorem showing the coarse-grained tensor built from many stochastic photon exchanges reduces (to leading order) to the same universal TμνT_{\mu\nu}Tμν for different microstructures. That is a demanding mathematical task: you must show micro-differences are higher-order, suppressed by parameters that are tiny for macroscopic bodies.

===== Problem: If ongoing radiation power sets gravity, hotter bodies (more radiation) should weigh measurably more. Real experiments show no practical change (temperature-dependent mass differences are negligible, consistent with Δm=ΔE/c2\Delta m = \Delta E/c^2Δm=ΔE/c2). =====

Numbers: Earth’s ambient thermal energy density is tiny relative to rest mass: at 300 K, blackbody energy density u∼aT4≈6×10−6 J/m3⇒u/c2∼6×10−23 kg/m3u\sim aT^4 \approx 6\times10^{-6}\ \mathrm{J/m^3}\Rightarrow u/c^2\sim 6\times10^{-23}\ \mathrm{kg/m^3}u∼aT4≈6×10−6 J/m3⇒u/c2∼6×10−23 kg/m3. That is negligible compared with mass densities.

Rescue path: QAT must show that it is not net emitted thermal radiance per se that sources gravity, but rather coherent or boundary-constrained exchange that contributes to the effective mass (e.g., standing wave energy, bound field energy). Bound energy already contributes to mass in GR (binding energy changes mass) — this matches QAT if you can show boundary events generate bound energy without net radiation loss.

===== Problem: In fluid analogues, in-phase pulsators attract and out-of-phase repel. Gravity is always attractive. How to get consistent attraction at cosmological scales if microscopic EM phases vary? =====

Key idea to salvage: If the gravitational effect is built from quadratic gauge-invariant quantities (energy density, E2+B2E^2+B^2E2+B2, and stress-tensors) then phases average out and the resulting source is positive definite (roughly). So attractivity can be preserved only if the emergent coupling depends on phase-averaged quadratics, not linearly on amplitude/phase.

Mathematics hint: TμνEMT_{\mu\nu}^{\rm EM}TμνEM is quadratic in fields → phase independent. Show microscopically that many boundary events rebuild ⟨E2⟩,⟨B2⟩ \langle E^2\rangle,\langle B^2\rangle⟨E2⟩,⟨B2⟩ rather than phase-sensitive quantities.

===== Problem: EM can be blocked/absorbed; gravity has no shield. If gravity came from local radiation flux, one could hide behind an absorber and reduce gravitation. =====

Reality check: If the emergent gravitational field is built from integrals of bound energy and vacuum response rather than simply net outgoing radiation, shielding ordinary EM flux will not block the bound field contribution. Again, the mechanism must produce an effective metric that depends on the local integrated state, not transient line-of-sight flux.

Concluding constraint: Any viable QAT theory must produce an effective field that cannot be eliminated by local screens.

===== Problem: A static mass produces a static gravitational field without obvious ongoing radiation. If your mechanism needs continuous outward EM radiation, a static mass in the dark would not gravitate. =====

Important correction: QAT’s micro-picture can avoid this trap if mass/gravity arise from standing/bound electromagnetic configurations on boundaries (e.g., confined field energy, zero net Poynting flux) rather than outward travelling radiation. Bound field energy acts as source in GR. The claim “photons propagate outwards from every object all the time” can be replaced with “objects have continuous micro-exchanges with vacuum/fields that result in nonzero local stress-energy” — and that is compatible with static fields.

===== Problem: light bending, gravitational waves, binary pulsar orbital decay, frame dragging — GR explains these quantitatively. Any alternative must reproduce the same predictions. =====

How to proceed: Build the emergent field equations and show (at least in linearized weak-field limit) they reduce to the Einstein field equations with the same coupling constant GGG (or explain why apparent coupling is the same). Doing so from photon exchange means deriving the Einstein–Hilbert action or an equivalent effective action by coarse-graining microscopic interactions (see Sakharov induced gravity).

Feasibility: This is not impossible — there are induced-gravity programs — but they require rigorous derivation and will tie the effective GGG to microphysics (cutoff scales, density of modes).