Editing Openai/6897769e-4ee4-800f-aba5-69cca34f701c (section)

=== Maxwell's stress-energy tensor is ===

TEMμν=ε0(FμαFνα−14gμνFαβFαβ).T^{\mu\nu}_{\rm EM}
= \varepsilon_0\Big(F^{\mu\alpha}F^\nu{}_\alpha - \tfrac{1}{4} g^{\mu\nu}F^{\alpha\beta}F_{\alpha\beta}\Big).TEMμν=ε0(FμαFνα−41gμνFαβFαβ).
Important components:
* TEM00T^{00}_{\rm EM}TEM00 = energy density uEMu_{\rm EM}uEM (contributes to mass via u/c2u/c^2u/c2).
* TEM0i=c−1SiT^{0i}_{\rm EM} = c^{-1} S^iTEM0i=c−1Si where S=1μ0E×B\mathbf{S}=\tfrac{1}{\mu_0}\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{B}S=μ01E×B is the Poynting vector (momentum/energy flux).
* TijT^{ij}Tij are the Maxwell stresses (pressures / tensions).

Because TμνEMT_{\mu\nu}^{\rm EM}TμνEM enters the Einstein equations Gμν=8πGTμν/c4G_{\mu\nu}=8\pi G T_{\mu\nu}/c^4Gμν=8πGTμν/c4, any localized EM energy–momentum — including inward radial Poynting flux reaching the shell — produces curvature. QAT’s idea that “outer momentum of light forms inward characteristic of gravity” can be phrased: the radial flow of EM energy into a shell deposits T00T^{00}T00 and momentum flux components onto the shell, which appear as surface SabS_{ab}Sab and source curvature. That is fully consistent with mainstream relativity: EM fields do gravitate.

Caveat: the magnitude of GR effects from ordinary EM fields is tiny compared to ordinary masses — but for a theory that tries to explain mass from repeated photon absorption and boundary deposition, one must estimate cumulatively whether the net surface energy density can produce observed inertial masses.