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==== ### ==== 金属 和 n 型半导体 各自独立时: <syntaxhighlight>金属: 半导体: EFm EFs | | |<--- φm --->| |<--- χ + (Ec - EFs) --->| ______Ec (导带) ______Ef (费米能级) ______Ev (价带) </syntaxhighlight> * φₘ:金属功函数 * χ:半导体电子亲和势 * Ec–Ef:反映半导体掺杂浓度 ===== 当金属与 n 型半导体接触并达到'''费米能级平衡(EF 连平)'''后: ===== <syntaxhighlight>金属区 半导体区 EF ------------------------------ | / | / | / | / |________________/__________ ← Ec 上弯 ↑ ΦB (肖特基势垒) </syntaxhighlight> * 半导体一侧的导带上弯 → 表示形成耗尽层; * 电子必须克服势垒 ΦB 才能从半导体流向金属; * 反向偏压时,势垒更高 → 电流受阻; * 正向偏压时,势垒变低 → 电流增大。 📈 → 整流特性:I–V 呈指数单向导通
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