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Openai/691718ed-7ba4-8006-96d5-a66e0d9678fe
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==== 「虛無假設」這個觀念最早是由 羅納德·費雪(Ronald A. Fisher) 系統化提出的(1920 年代)。 ==== * Fisher 在 1925 年出版的《Statistical Methods for Research Workers》一書裡,提出了透過虛無假設來進行檢定的想法。 * 核心概念是: - 先假設「沒有差異 / 沒有效果」(即虛無假設 H0H_0H0)。 - 然後用數據計算如果 H0H_0H0 成立時,觀察到目前數據的機率(p 值)。 - 若這個機率非常小(例如 < 0.05),我們就懷疑 H0H_0H0 不對,轉而傾向「對立假設」。 這就是後來所謂的「假設檢定」雛形。
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