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糖尿病
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== 糖尿病的主要症状 == 高血糖会导致一系列典型症状和体征。糖尿病的经典表现概括为**“三多一少”''',即多饮、多尿、多食和体重减少 (糖尿病 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书)。患者常常感到口干口渴,饮水量明显增加;由于血糖升高导致渗透性利尿,排尿频次和尿量显著增多 ( 糖尿病 )。尽管食欲亢进、进食增多,但体重却下降,这是因为机体无法充分利用葡萄糖,分解脂肪和蛋白质供能所致 (糖尿病 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书)。此外,持续高血糖还可引起'''视力模糊**(晶状体渗透压改变导致屈光改变)、'''乏力'''(细胞缺乏葡萄糖利用)、'''伤口愈合不良'''和'''反复感染'''(如皮肤真菌感染、尿路感染等)等症状 ( 糖尿病 )。1型糖尿病患者症状出现急骤,通常在几周内即出现明显的“三多一少”等表现;而2型糖尿病患者病情进展缓慢,早期症状可能轻微以致难以察觉 (糖尿病 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书) ( 糖尿病 )。许多2型糖尿病患者在无意中通过体检或因并发症就诊时才发现血糖升高 ( 糖尿病 )。因此,对于有糖尿病危险因素的人群,应定期监测血糖,以便及早发现和治疗。
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