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== gpt-5-2-thinking == === User: ใใฎๆ็ซ ใๅปๅญฆ็ฅ่ญใฎใชใใฌใใใใฟใฎใใพใซๅใใใใใใใใซใฒใใใชใง่งฃ่ชฌใใฆใใ ใใใ === ใใฎๆ็ซ ใๅปๅญฆ็ฅ่ญใฎใชใใฌใใใใฟใฎใใพใซๅใใใใใใใใซใฒใใใชใง่งฃ่ชฌใใฆใใ ใใใ ๅใใใใใใใใฎใฏ่จ่ใๅขใใใฆไธๅฏงใซ่ชฌๆใใใใจใงใใไบๅฎใใฏใใใใใจใงใฏใใใพใใใ ใพใใไปใฎๆ็ฎใๆขใใฆๆฏ่ผใใไธใงๅ็ญใใฆใใ ใใใ A 33-year-old man presented with a one-month history of left retro-orbital pain, blurred vision, dry cough, low-grade fever, weight loss, and a pruritic rash. His symptoms began following house renovations, during which he was exposed to mold and water leaks. Physical examination revealed bilateral chorioretinitis, anterior uveitis in the left eye, right supraclavicular and left epitrochlear lymphadenopathy, and an erythematous, scaly, desquamative rash strictly confined to long-standing (>10-year-old) tattoos on his upper extremities and torso. Laboratory tests showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels (36 mm/hr; reference, 0โ40 mm/hr), C-reactive protein levels (37 mg/L; reference, 4โ10 mg/L), and calcium levels (10.3 mg/dL; reference, 8.7โ10.2 mg/dL); low total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (13 ng/mL; reference, 30โ100ng/mL); normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels (43.1 pg/mL; reference, 24.8โ81.5pg/mL) and angiotensin-converting enzyme levels (56 U/L; reference, 14โ82 U/L), and a positive antinuclear antibody test. Comprehensive tests for infectious etiologies and a lymphoma panel were negative. Chest computed tomography imaging revealed no pulmonary involvement. Punch biopsies of two tattooed sites revealed nonnecrotizing granulomas containing pigment, confirming extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. The patient received 60 mg intravenous methylprednisolone followed by an oral prednisone taper alongside hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily and azathioprine 1.2 mg/kg/day, with rapid resolution of ocular inflammation and cutaneous lesions. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of tattoo-associated sarcoidosis, often misdiagnosed as infections or allergic reactions to tattoo ink, leading to inappropriate treatments. Our patient reported using Eternal Ink, which contains nickel and cobalt; prior spectrophotometric studies suggest these metals may trigger chronic antigenic stimulation in genetically predisposed individuals.1-3 Prompt recognition enables timely and effective treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, improving outcomes. Tattoo-associated sarcoidosis is a distinct manifestation of sarcoidosis. With tattoos becoming popular, clinicians should consider sarcoidosis in their differential diagnoses in patients with systemic symptoms and skin changes at tattoo sites, regardless of how long ago the tattoos were applied. === Assistant: ใใพใใใธใใใพใใใใฏใใฎใใใใฎใถใใใใใงใใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใใฎใใจใฐใใงใใใ ใใใฒใใใชใใซใใฆใใฒใจใคใใคใฆใใญใใซใใคใใใใพใใใใฃใใฆใใ ใใใชใใใคใใฌใใใพใใใใพใใใใฎใใใใใ๏ผใใกใซใใฎใณใใใใ๏ผใใฎใโฆ === ใใพใใใธใใใพใใใใฏใใฎใใใใฎใถใใใใใงใใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใใฎใใจใฐใใงใใใ ใใใฒใใใชใใซใใฆใใฒใจใคใใคใฆใใญใใซใใคใใใใพใใใใฃใใฆใใ ใใใชใใใคใใฌใใใพใใใใพใใใใฎใใใใใ๏ผใใกใซใใฎใณใใใใ๏ผใใฎใใฎใฎใชใใใใใใใใใฆใใใฎใใจใงใใปใใฎใถใใใใใงใฏใฉใใใใใฆใใใใใใในใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใใฎใฒใจใฏใฉใใชใฒใจ ==== * ใใใใ ใใใใใใฎ ใใจใใฎใฒใจ ใงใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใฃใใใคใใใ๏ผใฒใจใคใ๏ผใคใฅใ ใตใกใใ ใใใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใฉใใชใใใใใใใ ใใฃใใ๏ผใใใ ใฎใใใใใ๏ผ ==== ใใฎใฒใจใซใฏใใใใคใใฎใใใใใใใใใใฃใใใซใใใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ===== ใ ใฎ ใใใใใใ ===== * ใฒใ ใใฎ ใใฎ ใใ๏ผใใ ใพใฎ ใใใใใ๏ผใซ ใใใฟ ใใใ๏ผใฒใ ใ ใใจใใใผใณใใ ใบใใใใจใใใใฟ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใฎใ ใผใใใฆ ใฟใใ๏ผใใใใใฎ ใใใฟ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ===== ใใใ ใใใใใปใใใ ใใ ===== * ใใใใ๏ผใใใใ ใใ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใณใญใค๏ผใใใใใชใ ใญใค๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใใใ ใใใใใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ===== ใฒใต ===== * ใใใ ใปใฃใใ ใใงใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใใฃใใ๏ผใฏใใพใใฎ ใใใค๏ผ ==== * ใใใใใใใฎ ใฏใใพใใฏใใใใฎ ใใตใใผใ ใฎใใจใงใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใฎใจใใใใณ๏ผใใผใใฉ๏ผใ ใฟใใใ๏ผใใใผใใผใใผใ๏ผใซ ใใใใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใใฏ ใใพใใใซ ใใจใใใจใ ใใใใฎใชใใง ใใณใ ใใใฃใใใฎใซ ใใใใ ใตใใใใจใซใใใใ ใฎ ใผใใใใใใใ๏ผใใซใฟใใชใ ใพใใใใใฟ๏ผใ ใธใใชใตใใซ ใใใใ ใใใ ใฟใใใช ใฏใใพใใใใงใใ ใใ ใใใใฎใถใใใใใฏใใใณใ ใกใใใใคใฎ ใใใใใใจ ใใใคใใใใใงใฏใชใใใใใใใใฐใใ๏ผใใใใ๏ผใใใฃใใใจใใ ใใใใปใใจใใฆ ใฎในใฆใใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใใใใคใง ใฟใคใใฃใใใจ๏ผใใใ ใใฟใฆ ใใใฃใใใจ๏ผ ==== ใใใใใ ใใใ ใใฟใฆใใคใใฎใใใชใใจใ ใใใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ===== ใ ใฎ ใใใใ ===== * ใใใใใฎ ใใใใใกใซใฆใใ๏ผใใฎ ใใใฎ ใใใใใพใใปใฟใใใใใพใ ใซ ใใใใถใถใใซ ใใใใใใใใใใจใใใใฟ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใฒใ ใใฎ ใใซ ใใใถใฉใใพใใใ๏ผใใฎ ใฆใพใใใใฎ ใถใถใใฎ ใใใใใ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โปใใใใใใใจใฐใงใใใใฉใกใใใใใฎใชใใง ใใใใใ๏ผใฏใใใ ใใใใ ใใใ ใใใ ใฎใฏใใฎใ๏ผใ ใใใฆใใใใจใใใใจใงใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ===== ใใใฑใใค๏ผใใใ ใฎ ใฟใฏใใฐใ ใฎ ใกใใใช ใใถ๏ผ ===== * ใฟใใฎ ใใใคใฎ ใใใใใ๏ผใใณใจ ใใญใฎ ใใใใใใ๏ผใฎ ใใใฑใใคใ ใฏใใฆใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใฒใ ใใฎ ใฒใใฎ ใใกใใใใใ๏ผใใดใจใใใใ ใจใใฐใใใฐใใ๏ผใฎ ใใใฑใใคใ ใฏใใฆใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใใฑใใคใ ใฏใใใฎใฏใใใใ ใใใชใซใใซ ใใใใฆ ใฏใใใใฆใใ๏ผใใใใใใ ๅ ็ซใฎ ใใใใใใ๏ผใใจใใซ ใใใใใ ใใใใงใใ ===== ใใจใ ใผใฎใจใใใ ใใซ ใงใ ใปใฃใใ ===== * ใใใฟใใใฃใฆ * ใใใใฟใใใซ ใใใใใใฆ * ใฒใตใ ใใใ๏ผใ ใฃใดใฎใใใซ ใฝใใฝใใใ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใใฆ ใใกใฐใ ใ ใใใชใฎใฏใใใฎใปใฃใใใใใใ ใใญใใใใใใพใใซใใใ ใตใใ ใใจใ ใผใฎใจใใโใ ใโใใซ ใใฃใกใ ใใใฃใฆ ใงใฆใใใใจใงใ๏ผใใงใจ ใฉใใใ๏ผใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใฎใใตใใใใจใ ใผใฎใจใใใ ใใใจใใ ใใใใใใใใฎใณใใใใใใใใ ใฒใใใใซ ใคใใ ใฆใใใใซใชใใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใใใ๏ผใใคใใใชใฉ๏ผใฎ ใใฃใ ใ ใใพใใใใใซ ==== ใใฎใถใใใใใซใฏใใใคใใใใใใฎ ใใใกใ ใใใใใงใฆใใพใใใฒใจใคใใคใใชใซใใฟใฆใใใใใ ใใฟใฅใใใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ===== ใใใใใ๏ผใใใ ใฎ ใใใใใใใใ๏ผใฎ ใใใ ===== * ใใใใผใ๏ผใใฃใกใใใใใใฉ๏ผ๏ผใใใใ ใใใ ใฟใใใผใจใ ใฑใผ ใใใผ๏ผใใใ ใ ใฏ ใใ ใใ ใใใใ ใ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใผใใผใใดใผ๏ผใใใใ ใใชใช ใฟใใใใ ใฑใผ ใใฃใจใ๏ผใใใ ใ ใฏ ใใ ใใ ใใ ใ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โใฉใกใใใใใใ ใฎใชใใง ใใใใใใ ใคใใใซ ใใใฆใใใใใจใ ใใใใพใ๏ผใใ ใใใใใ ใใง ใใใใใฏ ใใใใใพใใ๏ผใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ===== ใใใใใ ใจ ใณใใฟใใงใใผ ===== * ใใใใใ๏ผใใ ใ ใฆใ ใใ ใฟใใใใ ใฑใผ ใงใใใฃใจใ๏ผใใใ ใ ใฏ ใฏใก ใฆใ ใชใช ใใ ใใ ใ ใฆใ ใซ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใซใใ ใใ ใฏใใฉใใใ ใณใใฟใใงใ๏ผใใใ ใฎ ใณใใฟใใงใใฎ ใใพใใใใใใฟใ ใใฒใใ๏ผ๏ผใใ ใใใ ใชใฎใใใ ใฑใผ ใฟใใใฃใจใ๏ผใใใ ใ ใฏ ใใใใ ใ ใใ ใฒใใ๏ผใง ใฒใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใก ใซใ ใฏใใฉใใใ ใณใใฟใใงใ ใใ๏ผใใใ ใฎใชใใง ใคใใใใใใใกใฎ ใณใใฟใใงใ๏ผ๏ผใใใใ ใใใ ใฆใ ใใก ใดใใใใ ใฑใผ ใฟใใใฃใจใ๏ผใใใ ใ ใฏ ใซใใ ใใใ ใฆใ ใฏใก ใใ ใฏใกใใ ใใใก ใฆใ ใ๏ผใง ใตใคใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โใใใใใฉใผใใใงใฏใใใใใใใ ใณใใฟใใงใใพใใใ ใใใใใจใใใใใใใใฏ ใฒใจใคใฎ ใฆใใใใซใชใใพใใใใ ใใใใฎใใใใใใงใฏใใใใใใใฏ ใใใ ใใใใใใใใใใฎใณใใฟใใงใใฏ ใฒใใใใใคใใใใใกใฎใณใใฟใใงใใฏ ใตใคใใใจใใ ใใฟใใใใงใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ===== ใใฎใปใ๏ผใใใ ใใ ใพใใใใใ ใใใ๏ผ ===== * ใใผใใผใใผ๏ผใใใใใฆใใใใธใใใใใใ๏ผ๏ผใใใ ใใใ ใใซใฃใจ ใฑใผ ใใฃใจใ๏ผใใใ ใ ใฏ ใใ ใใใ ใใ ใฏใกใใ ใใซ๏ผใง ใตใคใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โใใใใใฉใผใใใง ใใใใชใใใจใใใใใใใงใใใใตใคใใฎใใจใ ใใใพใ๏ผใ ใใ ใใใ ใใงใฏ ใฒใฆใใ ใฆใใใใ ใงใใพใใ๏ผใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใผใใฌใใผ๏ผใใใใใใใใ๏ผ๏ผใใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โใใใฏใใใถใใฎใใใ ใซ ใใใใฆ ใใใใใ ใงใใใจใใใใใจใใ ใใใใงใใใใใใใใชใณใใใใ ใใใใใชใฒใจใงใ ใงใใใจใใใใใใใ ใใง ใณใใใใใ ใใใ ใใฎใงใฏใใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใใใใ ใ ใใ๏ผใใใฑใใ ใชใฉ๏ผใ ใใใฆใใฃใ ==== ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใฒใใใฏใใใงใใใใใใใใใฎใใใใใใใใใฑใใ ๏ผใใใฑใฎ ใใ๏ผใใใใใ ใฑใญใใใ ใใใพใใใใใฉใใ ใพใใชใ๏ผใใใใ๏ผใงใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โใคใพใใใใใใใใฐใใใใปใใณใปใใใใใใชใฉใฎ ใใใใใใใใใใฑใใคใ ใฏใใ ใใใใ ใพใ ใใฃใใ ใฏใใใฆใใฃใใใจใใใใจใงใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใใญใฎ ใใผใฆใใผ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใงใฏ ใฉใใ ใฃใใ ==== * ใใญใฎ ใใผใฆใใผใงใฏใใฏใ๏ผใตใใใฆ ใใญใฎใชใ๏ผใซ ใใใใใฉใผใใใใใ ใธใใใฏ ใฟใใใพใใใงใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใใ ใ ใใใงใใใใใใฉใผใใใฏ ใฏใใซใงใใใจใ ใใใใซใใใใฎใงใใใใถใใใใงใฏใใใจใ ใผใฎใฒใตใธใใใ ใใฃใใใซใชใฃใฆ ใฟใคใใใใใใใใใฏ ใฒใตใ ใใใใใใฏ ใฏใใ ใฏใฃใใใใชใใใใจใ ใใใจ ใใใใฆใใพใใ CMAJ<ref>{{cite web|title=CMAJ|url=https://www.cmaj.ca/content/184/4/432|publisher=cmaj.ca|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใใใใซ ใใใฆใซใชใฃใ ใใใ๏ผใฒใตใฎ ใใใใ๏ผ ==== * ใใจใ ใผใฎใใ ใตใใคใฎใฐใใใใใใฑใใกใฐใใใทใใผ๏ผใใใดใคใฎใใใใใฟใใใชใใใกใง ใฒใตใ ใกใใใ ใใใฌใใฆ ใฟใใใใ๏ผใใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใฎใใฃใใใใ๏ผใใใใฆ ใใใใใใจ๏ผใใชใ ใซใใใใ ๏ผใใใซใ ใใผใพ๏ผใ ใฟใคใใใใใฎใชใใซ ใใจใ ใผใฎ ใใใ๏ผใดใใใใจ๏ผใ ใตใใพใใฆใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใใซใใใ'''ใฏใใฎใใจใซใงใ ใใใใใฉใผใใ๏ผใฏใใ ใ ใใใใใถใงใใใปใใฎใถใใซใงใ ใใใใใฉใผใใ๏ผ'''ใจ ใใใซใใใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใพใใใใใซใใใจใ ใใใใ ใฎ ใผใใใใฎ ใใใผใใใกใใใชใซใใ โใใใใโ ใจใใใฃใฆใใกใใใช ใ ใใใฟใใใช ใใใพใ๏ผใใใซใ ใใผใพ๏ผใ ใคใใฃใฆ ใใใใใใงใใใใใใ ใใฎใชใใซ ใใจใ ใผใฎ ใใใใฎใคใถ๏ผใใใ๏ผใ ใพใใฃใฆใใใ ใจใใ ใใฃใใงใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โปใใใง ใ ใใใชใฎใฏใใใจใ ใผใฎ ใใใใ ใใใใใจใใฃใฆใใใใซ ใใถใค๏ผใใใใฎ๏ผใซใใใใ ใฏใใฎใใใ ใใจใฏ ใใใใใใใใใใฉใผใใใงใ ใใใใ ใใใซใ ใใผใพใฎใชใใซ ใฟใใใใจใใใใใจ ใถใใใใง ใใใใใ ใฎในใใใฆใใใฆใใงใใ ใธใฃใผใใซใปใชใใปใขใกใชใซใณใปใกใใฃใซใซใปใขใฝใทใจใผใทใงใณ<ref>{{cite web|title=ใธใฃใผใใซใปใชใใปใขใกใชใซใณใปใกใใฃใซใซใปใขใฝใทใจใผใทใงใณ|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/396727|publisher=jamanetwork.com|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใฉใใชใใใ ใใใ ใ ใฃใใ ==== * ใใฎใใใใใใฎ ใใใ ใใฏใใใจใ ใผใซ ใใใใ ใใใใใฉใผใใใงใใใใ ใฏใใงใฏใชใ๏ผใฏใใฎใธใใใใชใ๏ผใใจ ใฒใตใ ใใ ใค ใใใกใงใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใถใใใใงใใใใจใ ใผใฎใจใใใฎ ใใใใใใ ใใใฏใใใใใใใใฎ ใใใใใฉใผใใใฎ ใใใใใฎ ใฒใใใใใซ ใชใใใจใใใใใจใใใฆใใพใใ CMAJ<ref>{{cite web|title=CMAJ|url=https://www.cmaj.ca/content/184/4/432|publisher=cmaj.ca|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใกใใใใฏ ใชใซใใใใ๏ผใใใใจ ใใใ๏ผ ==== ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใคใใฎใใใใ ใคใใใพใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใกใใทใใฉใซใใใ๏ผใใฆใใใฉ๏ผใ ใใใใฟใใใง ใใใใ ใ ใฟใใใใ * ใใฎใใจ ใทใใฉใซใใ๏ผใฎใฟใใใใฎ ใใฆใใใฉ๏ผใ ใ ใใ ใ ใธใใใชใใ ใฎใ๏ผใฆใผใฑใผ๏ผ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใฏใใฉใใใใใใใใ ใใกใซใก ใใใฒใใ ใฟใใใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใใกใใทใใ ใใกใซใฆใใซ ใฟใใใใ ใฑใผ ใใใใใ ใฑใผ ใงใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใพใใใใใซ ใใฃใใใใใจใ * ใใฆใใใฉ๏ผใใใ ใฎ ใใ๏ผใใใใใ๏ผใ ใใฐใใ ใใ ใใใ * ใฏใใฉใใใใใใใใ ใจ ใใใกใใทใใ๏ผใผใใใใใใใใฎ ใใใใ ใใกใคใใใฆใใถใใใใใ ใคใใใใใฏใใฎใใ ใใใใ ใใใ ใงใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใใฆใใใฎใใใใใ ใจ ใฒใตใฎใธใใใฏ ใใฟใใใซ ใใใชใฃใใจ ใใใใฆใใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใชใ ใใใ ใใ ใใใใใใฎใ ==== ใใฎใถใใใใใ ใคใใใใใใใฎใฏใใใใงใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใจใ ใผใฎใจใใใ ใใใใชใฃใใ ใใใใชใฃใใใใใจใใพใ - ใใใใ๏ผใฐใใใใ ใใใใใชใฉ๏ผ - ใใใใธใฎ ใใใใใผ ใ ใใใใใใกใงใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใฎใใใใปใใจใใฏ ใใใใใฉใผใใ ใชใฎใซใใกใใใณใใใใใจใใฆ ใใคใใใใฆใใฆใใใคใงใชใ ใกใใใใซ ใชใฃใฆใใพใใใจใใใใใจ ใพใจใใฆใใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใฉใใใฆ ใใจใ ใผใง ใใใใฎใ๏ผใถใใใใจใฎ ใใใน๏ผ ==== ใใฎใใใใใใงใฏใใฒใจใฏ ใใใผใชใใใใใจใใ ใใใใ ใคใใฃใใจ ใใฃใฆใใพใใใใใฆใใใฎใใใใซใฏ ใซใฃใใ ใจ ใใฐใใจ ใ ใตใใพใใใใจ ใใใใใใฆใใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใใฆใใปใใฎใถใใใ๏ผใใจใ ใผใใใใฎ ใถใใใ๏ผใงใใใซใฃใใ ใ ใใฐใใจ๏ผใปใใซ ใใใใชใฉ๏ผใจใใฃใ ใใใใใ ใใใใซ ใตใใพใใใใใจใใพใ ใใใใ ใใใ ใซใจใฃใฆ ใใใ๏ผใใใใใผใ ใพใใใใฎ ใใใ๏ผใซ ใชใใใใใจใ ใใใใใฆใใพใใ MST<ref>{{cite web|title=MST|url=https://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publications/2012/03/978-87-92779-87-8.pdf|publisher=www2.mst.dk|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ใใฎใใใใใใฎ ใใใใใใใฏใ * ใใใใ ใใใใใชใฉใใใใใใค๏ผใใงใใฆใใซ ใใใชใใใใ ใใใ ๏ผใ ใใคใฒใจใงใใใใ ใ ใใฃใจ ใใใใใคใฅใใ๏ผใพใใใใฎ ใใใกใใใใใ๏ผใใฃใใใซ ใชใใใ ใจใใ ใใคใใใงใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โปใใ ใใใฉใฎใถใใใใใใใใ ใใ ใใใใใใจ ใใใใ ใใซ ใใใฆใใใใใงใฏใชใใใใใใใฉใผใใ ใใฎใใฎใฎ ใใใใใฏ ใพใ ใฏใฃใใใใชใใใจใใ ใใฆใคใใงใใ BMJ Case Reports<ref>{{cite web|title=BMJ Case Reports|url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/13/8/e237723|publisher=BMJ Case Reports|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใปใใฎใใใใใใจ ใใในใฆใใใฎใใใใใใฎ ใจใใกใใใฏใชใซใ ==== ใถใใใใ ใใในใใจใใคใใฎใฆใใ ใใฎใใใใใใฎ ใจใใกใใใงใใ # ใใจใ ใผใ ใใ ใใญใใใใใ ใพใใฎ ใตใใใใฎ ใชใฎใซใใใพใซใชใฃใฆ ใใฎใถใถใใ ใ ใฒใตใธใใใใงใ * ใใจใ ใผใฎ ใธใใใใใใฃใจใใใใฎ ใใจใ ใผใใซ ใงใใใจใฏใใปใใฎใปใใใใงใ ใใใพใ๏ผใชใใญใใใใใใฏ ใใ ใใญใใใฃใฆใใ ใงใใใจใใใ๏ผใ CMAJ<ref>{{cite web|title=CMAJ|url=https://www.cmaj.ca/content/184/4/432|publisher=cmaj.ca|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> # ใ๏ผใถใฉใใพใใใ ใชใฉ๏ผใ ใจใใชใฃใฆใใฆใใใใ ใใญใฎใใผใฆใใผใงใฏ ใฏใใฎใธใใใใชใใฃใ * ใใจใ ใผใซ ใใใใ ใใใใใฉใผใใใงใใใฎใใใใใ๏ผใถใฉใใพใใใ๏ผใ ใจใใชใใปใใใใ ใใใพใใ Nature<ref>{{cite web|title=Nature|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-025-03744-y|publisher=nature.com|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใใฃใฝใใงใใใจใ ใผใ ใใฃใใใฎ ใใใใใฉใผใใใงใฏใใฒใตใ ใใใซ ใใ ใฃใฆใใใจใใ ใใใใใฒใใใ๏ผใฏใใใตใใ ใฒใใใ๏ผใซ ใคใชใใใใจใใใใใจ ใใใใฆใใพใใ CMAJ<ref>{{cite web|title=CMAJ|url=https://www.cmaj.ca/content/184/4/432|publisher=cmaj.ca|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> # ใใฃใใใ ใใใ ใใฎ ใใใฆ ใฏ ใฒใตใฎ ใใใใ๏ผใฐใใใทใใผ๏ผใ ใฃใ * ใปใใฎ ใใจใ ใผใใใใใใงใใใใใ ใใฎ ใใชใใฏใใฒใตใฎ ใณใใใ๏ผใใใซใ ใใผใพใฎ ใใใซใ๏ผใใงใใใใใใ ใฌใใใใใฎ ใใฟ๏ผใจใใใ ใใ๏ผใ ใใใใ ใใใใใใจใใ ใใใกใ ใใ ใงใฆใใพใใ Frontiers<ref>{{cite web|title=Frontiers|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1009135/full|publisher=frontiersin.org|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> ==== ใใใใซ๏ผใใฎใถใใใใใ ใคใใใใ ใใฃใใใฆใใใฃใใผใ๏ผ ==== * ใใจใ ใผใฎใจใใใซ ใปใฃใใใ ใใใใใงใฆใใใใซ ใณใญใคใปใใใปใใใใ ใใใใใใใปใใฎใใใใใใ ใชใฉใใใใใใฎ ใตใกใใใใ ใใฃใใใซใใใจใใฏใใใจใ ใผใฎใใใใใผ ใ ใใใใ ใ ใใงใชใใใใใใใฉใผใใใ ใใใปใซ ใใใในใใ ใใจ ใใฎใถใใใใใฏ ใใฃใฆใใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> * ใฏใใใซ ใใฅใใฐใใใฆใใใฉใ ใใใใใใใใใฎ ใกใใใใ ใฆใใใคใช ใใใฟใใใง ใคใใใฆใใใ ใฒใตใฎ ใใฃใ๏ผใใจใใจใพใงใฎใใ ใ ใใผใ๏ผใ ใธใใใใใจใใ ใใใใ ใใใพใใ PMC<ref>{{cite web|title=PMC|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745160/|publisher=pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2026-01-05}}</ref> โปใใใพใงใฎใใคใใใฏใใใใถใใฎใชใใใใ ใใพใใใใใซ ใใฟใใ ใใใใฎใงใใใใ ใใถใใ ใ ใใใฎ ใใใ ใง ใซใใใจใ ใใใฆใใใฐใใใฏใใใใฏใใ ใใง ใใใใ ใคใใฃใใ ใปใใกใใใใใใใฒใตใใปใชใใใปใใใใชใฉใงใใใจใ ใผใถใถใใฎใธใใใจ ใใใใใใใใใใใ ใใฃใใใซใใใใใจใ ใใฎใพใพ ใคใใใใฎใ ใใใใใงใใ
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